Threats Of Electronic Money Transfer Research Paper

Dangers Of Electronic Money Transfer - Research Paper Example To achieve their targets, psychological oppressor require budgetary assets and simple reserve move exchanges to complete their demonstrations of dread. In such manner, the fear based oppressor has discovered the Internet the most helpful route with the end goal of correspondence and coordination with their accomplices situating in different pieces of the world; furthermore, they send and get their assets by means of utilizing electronic methods. This test can be limited to a significant degree however it can never be wished away completely. In such manner, the job of Central Banks is of basic significance. In the ensuing piece of this paper, first, electronic cash move is characterized and is trailed by a danger of abuse of this channel by psychological militant and global criminal gatherings. Prior to end, a few recommendations are represented to limit this unlawful utilization of the Internet.An electronic installment framework includes the administrations of numerous components. A n installment framework is distinguished as the associations between different subjects and is made of various components. Among these different components, framework members, the foundation of the framework, and the instruments encouraging the exchange of financial incentive between various clients are the huge elements.Traditionally, we had two gatherings encouraging asset move starting with one spot then onto the next sender and recipient. More often than not, reserves were moved with the utilization of non-electronic methods. Paper-based cash move exchanges were basic starting with one money related then onto the next monetary institution.... For that reason, they can go to any degree. To accomplish their destinations, fear monger require monetary assets and simple store move exchanges to do their demonstrations of dread. In such manner, fear based oppressor have discovered the Internet the most advantageous route with the end goal of correspondence and coordination with their accomplices situating in different pieces of the world; furthermore, they send and get their assets through utilizing electronic methods. This test can be limited to an impressive degree yet it can never be wished away completely. In such manner, the job of Central Banks is of basic significance. In the ensuing piece of this paper, first, electronic cash move is characterized and is trailed by a danger of abuse of this channel by fear monger and universal criminal gatherings. Prior to end, a few proposals are represented to limit this illicit utilization of the Internet. An electronic installment framework includes the administrations of numerous co mponents. An installment framework is recognized as the cooperations between different subjects and is made of various components. Among these different components, framework members, the foundation of framework, and the instruments encouraging the exchange of money related an incentive between various clients are the huge elements(Merlonghi, 2010). Customarily, we had two gatherings encouraging asset move starting with one spot then onto the next sender and recipient. More often than not, reserves were moved with the utilization of non-electronic methods. For that reason, paper based cash move exchanges were basic starting with one monetary then onto the next budgetary establishment. In addition, in paper based exchange time and cost were similarly more than the costs included by means of utilizing electronic method of reserve move. Because of these realities, the whole framework

Spillover Benefits Versus the Free-rider Problem Essay

Overflow Benefits Versus the Free-rider Problem - Essay Example The administration should make such enactments so as to maintain a strategic distance from this issue as these may in the end lead to the decimation of prudent framework. Overflow benefits versus the Free Rider issue Societies, individuals, conditions experience many negative and positive circumstances because of various conditions that happen. By beneficial outcomes it implies the advantages and focal points delighted in by them when tagged along the way, and by negative impacts it implies the unsafe and risky impacts which are forced over them. These constructive and adverse impacts are straightforwardly related now and again, however it might indirectly affect others or environmental factors because of another person. Such outside or roundabout impacts are named as externalities or overflow impacts. Overflow is characterized here to mean †â€Å"indirect or startling advantages to different clients from the up-take of research, including purchaser surpluses produced through r ivalry and dissemination of information through improvement of specialized aptitudes. These advantages can likewise emerge from the formation of new information stages that generously adjust procedures, items or services†. (Overflow profits by TBGs. ... The compound that is discharged from the manufacturing plant legitimately influences those individuals who are not associated with the plant. Subsequently they need to follow through on a cost or cost of being the inhabitants of that region despite the fact that they have no worry or favorable circumstances from the plant. Such impacts are named as negative overflow impacts or overflow costs. Then again, when somebody appreciates specific advantages from something like this or procedure through which he/she isn't straightforwardly related with, it is named as positive overflow impacts or overflow benefits. There can be numerous models set in such manner; the exchange understandings between any two nations or associations legitimately influence the people who are engaged with import-trade business, in spite of the fact that there has been no power from their side to settle on such an understanding. Thus they appreciate the advantages by spending nothing from themselves. Different mode ls may incorporate instruction, which train adolescents how to be a decent and gainful resident of the general public, thus the more youngsters get taught in these terms, the more society would profit as the crime percentage will diminish and there would be sufficient harmony in the nation. Through legitimate instruction, increasingly talented specialists will go into the market which will along these lines make great quality items and offer better types of assistance to their bosses. These overflow benefits, when surpass through a specific cutoff points, are additionally named as the â€Å"free rider problem†, got from the idea of somebody riding in an open vehicle without paying its toll. Consequently all such individuals who appreciate the overflow benefits are called free riders. The free rider issue is of extraordinary concern everywhere throughout the world, since there are countless individuals who expend such assets

The Case for Cursive Analog Tool in a Digital World

The Case for Cursive Analog Tool in a Digital World (0) I am an out-of-sync, eccentric, old soul and I love it. It gives me intense pleasure to know that I share this blessing with my artist of choice, my muse, my on-shuffle-24-7, Ms. Erykah Badu. She is known by many names but it is the moniker of Analog Girl in a Digital World  that I identify with most. I AM an analog guy in a digital world. I am in love with the present and the prospects of the future. Technology makes me endlessly happy, but there are certain bits of the past that I cannot and will not ever give up. One of the many is writing long-hand, in cursive, with ink. Please and thank you. Give me a fountain pen.  And not one of those lousy ballpoints. Helen Lawson, Valley of the Dolls I was first informed of my aptitude for cursive at Boy Scouts in the 3rd grade. I was not a model scout. I never won the Pinewood Derby, could not care less about the sport aspect and absolutely hated being out in nature. But, I’ll never forget the rainy day working on a cheesy writing prompt when Doug Patton and all the other scouts oohed and aahed over my cursive script. They chose me to be the recorder. This was the first time I ever felt truly ‘good’ at something. I’m sad to say there was not a cursive writing badge. Aside from being skilled at writing in script, I truly believe in cursive. It deserves attention as something necessary and worthwhile by students and teachers. Consider these reasons for building time for cursive into (what I know to be already busy) schedules: Primary Sources and Historical Documents: The cursive words themselves have always been like a poem to me, in that they convey more than the concepts they symbolically represent. Yes, reading this script can be tedious, but writing it, I would imagine, was a rather laborious process in itself. Let us place ourselves in the shoes of the framers of our country and attempt to feel what they felt through careful and close reading of documents in their original form. Occupational Benefits:  Some kids fail to develop good handwriting abilities due to joint hypermobility (low muscle tone) and poor fine motor coordination and hand strength.  Racheal Ojo, MS, OTR/L is a colleague with whom I collaborate regularly. “The skills that cursive handwriting further develops are visual-motor, eye-hand coordination, and fine motor skills.” In her clinical opinion, cursive writing will benefit students with spatial difficulties build fine-motor skills, upper extremity strength, and place less of a demand on the mechanics of writing, due to the rhythmic-fluid strokes. Ms. Ojo feels that cursive writing incorporates these developmental skills and allows students to integrate these skills from parts into a single unit. Increased Processing:  In their article The Pen is Mightier Than the Keyboard:  Advantages of Longhand over Laptop Note Taking, Pam A. Mueller and Daniel M. Oppenheimer showed that students that take longhand notes and were able to study them performed significantly better on factual recall and conceptual application questions relative to students that take their notes on a laptop. Encoding information using longhand, it was found, aids in synthesizing and summarizing content. Knowing the demands that my colleagues face while still wanting to speak to the benefits of cursive writing for the students, I decided to create an after-school club devoted to the beauty and appreciation of cursive.  Introducing (drumroll, please) Scripted: A Cursive Writing Club! Scripted was a 10 week program that met on Friday afternoons in the library from 2:30 to 4:30 pm. There were 15 members in the club ranging from 3rd to 5th grade. The split was about 50% boys and girls. There really was no budget for this club. We used paper, pencils, pens, and plastic sleeves regularly, all of which we have stocked in the library. The curriculum I used is called Handwriting Program for Cursive. It was written by Phyllis Bertin and Eileen Pearlman and distributed by Educational Publishing Service. I actually found a PDF of this 10 page curriculum on line, and I have to say it is fantastic. It highlights four basic principles for teaching cursive: Handwriting is taught and practiced under the direct supervision of the teacher The instructional sequence for teaching handwriting is to trace, copy, and write from memory Motor patterns are always introduced through the large muscles of the arm and shoulder Language is used to teach and reinforce handwriting Letters are classified into 10 groups based on motor patterns. Four for lowercase and 6 uppercase groups. The groups have names like “clock climbers” (a, d, g, q, and c) and “tall kite strings” (G and S). Verbalized instructions for drawing each letter are provided and provide something of a “chant” for how to move one’s hand to produce the letter. These verbal instructions were eventually memorized and were a lovely scaffold for the kids. To add a digital aspect to the curriculum, I curated a playlist on my YouTube channel  of videos that support independent cursive study. Since I envisioned Scripted as a social club, each session began with snacks and socializing for about 20 minutes. I allowed cell phones for this time to check in with parents, and to add to our school library’s Snapchat account or share music and videos with one another.  Kids brought their own healthy snacks. Then we moved into hand/muscle exercises and stretching. I worked with Ms. Ojo in designing these activities to speak to the occupational aspects of cursive. The activities were snapping, finger push-ups, wrist rolls, paper tearing, clay manipulation and building with Legos. The next phase of the session was the direct-teach of stroke formation and the chant to accompany the letter. This was done using an ELMO digital camera to provide a “bird’s eye view” projected onto the Promethean Panel. Students then were called to “share the pen,” to get a feel for the stroke before giving it a go on their own. Afterward, students returned to their tables for desk work of tracing the letters using a plastic page protector and dry-erase pen.  Students got to share their best work if they wanted using the projector. The final 20 min after cleanup was devoted to poetry reading by me or the students and sometimes both. As stated above, I see parallels between cursive writing and poetry. I feel that they pair together nicely. Where poetry is beauty in language, cursive is beauty in writing. The culminating event for Scripted was a gallery showing of favorite poems we read throughout the cycle copied in cursive on recycled paper. We used clips of construction paper we tore exercising our fingers to make mosaic tear-art creations to accompany the poems. We were going for a updated nod to the needlework sampler. I am so completely blown away by the progress of these kids. The growth I saw in them not only as cursive writers but as human beings was inspiring and motivates me to continue this year after year. The success is humbling to me, actually. Students that some had given up on rose to the occasion and proved something to me but most importantly to themselves: That they were good at something. It is a feeling I have never forgotten, and I like to think that I provided something they will also never forget. I suppose this is all coming full circle. When I began this club, I had no idea I was hot on the heels of the New York City Department of Education. Will Mantell, NYCDOE spokesperson says, “[the NYCDOE] is focused on providing schools with the best instructional resources, and we’ve already released two resources this year for schools to teach cursive and print handwriting.” Teaching Cursive Writing  and Teaching Manuscript Writing  handbooks were produced for the 2016-17 school year as a tool for schools. These resources present best practices and strategies in writing instruction. At this time, the NYCDOE is working with superintendents and school leaders on how to incorporate cursive and manuscript instruction. Although cursive instruction is not mandated, the release of these resources lets me know that I am not alone. It lets me know that Chancellor Fariña, the office of Curriculum and Instruction and I are on the same page. This gives me hope for the continuance and appreciation for cursive writing in our schools in this time of pending digital takeover. The thought of tomorrow fills me with a mix of exhilaration and bewilderment. Exhilarated at the prospects of what it brings and bewildered by the rate at which our lives will undoubtedly change over many tomorrows. In this epoch of digital flashes, I fear we are losing sight of the analog mainstays that have stood the test of time. There are many parts of myself that are new school, but so many more that are old school and I would not want it any other way. There is a lyric in On On, where Erykah says that the man that knows something knows that he knows nothing at all. This old soul is holding fast to the knowledge that what I know today will be changed by tomorrow, but  that is not going to change my psyche or my DNA and that is where my penchant for cursive and all those other analog cells reside. The same is true for my students and your students. We owe them the analog parts of ourselves so they can fully appreciate and diffuse them into an increasingly digital world.

Reading Comprehension Worksheet 1 Answers

If you have gone through the Reading Comprehension Worksheet 1 Escaping the Endless Adolescence,  then  read the answers below. These reading comprehension worksheet answers are affiliated with the article, so they wont make much sense by themselves. Reading Comprehension Worksheet 1 Answers Escaping the Endless Adolescence 1. This passage is narrated from the point of view of (C) a concerned therapist who works with struggling young adults. Why? A is incorrect because it uses the word bulimia, and the disorder was anorexia. Plus, you wouldnt expect concerned parents to take their child to see a college professor for help. B is incorrect because its an older person telling the story. D is incorrect because sleeping and compulsive disorders are never discussed nor implied. E is incorrect because a college student would not have an office or visits from concerned parents. 2. According to the worksheet passage, Perrys two biggest problems were (A) being an unhappy achiever and his parents increase of his mental strain. Why? Look at lines 26–27 and lines 38–39. The problems are stated explicitly. 3. The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) describe one young mans struggle with anorexia and, in doing so, provide possible reasons a young person may resort to an eating disorder. Why? To start, look at the verbs at the beginning of the answers. You can get rid of answer choices B and C because the passage neither advocates for anyone nor compares anything. D is incorrect because the passage is largely unemotional, and E is wrong because its too broad: The passage focuses on one young man and his struggle more than it focuses on todays youth as a whole. 4. The author uses which of the following in the sentence starting on line 18: But beneath his academic success, Perry faced a world of troubles, and while he took awhile to get to know, eventually the problems came pouring out? (E) metaphor Why? But beneath his academic success, Perry faced a world of troubles, and while he took awhile to get to know, eventually the problems came pouring out. Actually, the sentence in the passage uses two metaphors: world of troubles and pouring out. The author compares the amount of troubles facing Perry to a world without using the word like or as. He also compares Perrys relating of his troubles to pouring, two explicitly different ideas connected without the simile signifiers. 5. In the second  sentence of the last paragraph, the word inadvertently most nearly means (D) mistakenly Why? Heres where your vocabulary knowledge or your ability to understand vocab words in context comes in handy. If you didnt know the meaning of the word, you could assume some things based on the text: But in their efforts to nurture and support him, his parents inadvertently increased his mental strain. Nurturing and supporting are positive things. With the but you know that the opposite is true in the last part of the sentence, so you could assume that the parents didnt mean to increase his mental strain, thus, answer D.

Margaret Sanger Biography - Birth Control Advocate

Known for: advocating birth control and womens health Occupation: nurse, birth control advocateDates: September 14, 1879 - September 6, 1966 (Some sources, including Websters Dictionary of American Women and Contemporary Authors Online (2004) give her birth year as 1883.)Also Known as: Margaret Louise Higgins Sanger Margaret Sanger Biography Margaret Sanger was born in Corning, New York.   Her father was an Irish immigrant, and her mother an Irish-American.   Her father was a free-thinker and her mother a Roman Catholic.   She was one of eleven children, and blamed her mothers early death on both the familys poverty and her mothers frequent pregnancies and childbirths. So Margaret Higgins decided to avoid her mothers fate, becoming educated and having a career as a nurse.   She was working towards her nursing degree at White Plains Hospital in New York when she married an architect and left her training.   After she had three children, the couple decided to move to New York City.   There, they became involved in a circle of feminists and socialists.    In 1912, Sanger wrote a column on womens health and sexuality called What Every Girl Should Know for the Socialist Party paper, the  Call. She collected and published articles as What Every Girl Should Know (1916) and What Every Mother Should Know (1917).   Her 1924 article, The Case for Birth Control, was one of many articles she published. However, the  Comstock Act of 1873 was used to forbid distribution of birth control devices and information. Her article on venereal disease was declared obscene in 1913 and banned from the mails. In 1913 she went to Europe to escape arrest. When she returned from Europe, she applied her nursing education as a visiting nurse on the Lower East Side of New York City. In working with immigrant women in poverty, she saw many instances of women suffering and even dying from frequent pregnancies and childbirths, and also from miscarriages. She recognized that many women attempted to deal with unwanted pregnancies with self-induced abortions, often with tragic results to their own health and lives, affecting their ability to care for their families. She was forbidden under government censorship laws from providing information on contraception. In the radical middle-class circles in which she moved, many women were availing themselves of contraceptives, even if their distribution and information about them were banned by law. But in her work as a nurse, and influenced by Emma Goldman, she saw that poor women didnt have the same opportunities to plan their motherhood. She came to believe that unwanted pregnancy was the biggest barrier to a working class or poor womans freedom. She decided that the laws against information on contraception and distribution of contraceptive devices were unfair and unjust, and that she would confront them. She founded a paper, Woman Rebel, on her return. She was indicted for mailing obscenities, fled to Europe, and the indictment was withdrawn. In 1914 she founded the National Birth Control League which was taken over by Mary Ware Dennett and others while Sanger was in Europe. In 1916 (1917 according to some sources), Sanger set up the first birth control clinic in the United States and, the following year, was sent to the workhouse for creating a public nuisance. Her many arrests and prosecutions, and the resulting outcries, helped lead to changes in laws, giving doctors the right to give birth control advice (and later, birth control devices) to patients. Her first marriage, to architect William Sanger in 1902, ended in divorce in 1920. She was remarried in 1922 to J. Noah H. Slee, though she kept her by-then-famous (or infamous) name from her first marriage. In 1927 Sanger helped organize the first World Population Conference in Geneva. In 1942, after several organizational mergers and name changes, Planned Parenthood Federation came into being. Sanger wrote many books and articles on birth control and marriage, and an autobiography (the latter in 1938). Today, organizations and individuals which oppose abortion and, often, birth control, have charged Sanger with eugenicism and racism. Sangers supporters consider the charges exaggerated or false, or the quotes used taken out of context.

Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment Free Essays

string(131) " males and females are close to each other, meaning that both have pieces of data that are similarly far from the calculated mean\." Dependency of a Boxer’s Win rate on Reach and Gender Antonio Paolo Gomez Candidate No. 003902-006 Northbridge International School Cambodia Math Studies Internal Assessment Word Count: 1655 Statement of Task3 Plan3 Data4 Math Processes5 Simple math processes:5 Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient r:7 Chi-Square8 Discussion/Validity10 Conclusion10 Works Cited11 Statement of Task Boxing is a very well known sport around the world, where two disciplined athletes face off in a ring, trading blows until one of them submits or until judges decide a winner. The sport revolves around throwing blows with their fists, and to organize said athletes, their characteristics are measured, and their accomplishments are recorded. We will write a custom essay sample on Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before a fight is held, a fighter’s profile is summarized, mentioning the person’s height, weight, reach, and their win/loss record. All of what is mentioned is said to play a big part in the flow of the match. The purpose of this investigation is to determine if there is a relationship between a boxer’s reach and his winning rate. The data that will be taken will be professional boxers’ measured reach and their counts of wins and losses for winning rate. The measurement of a boxer’s reach is used to determine how far he can extend his punch. The measure of boxers’ reaches and their records of wins and losses will be used to determine if reach is one of the larger factors that affect an athlete’s chances in a match. Plan The investigation will include data gathered from professional boxers, which are their reach and their counts of wins and losses. The data that will be collected can be collected from official sites online, which have brief profiles of athletes’ measurements. I will be using official sites since they tend to be up to date and have accurate and legit information. The amount of data collected will consist of 30 athletes, half of whom are male and half are female. The data will be collected from official boxing sites such as BoxRec. com, which contains the profiles of numerous official boxers and their measurements, which includes their reach and wins and losses. The data for one athlete will consist of his reach and his win/loss record. I will attempt to avoid any professional athletes that are relatively new to the professional stage, so I will be looking at boxers with around at least five years of experience. Once the data has been acquired, the data will be analyzed using different mathematical processes. A scatter plot will be used to plot out said data. The correlation coefficient r will be calculated. The   test of independence will be used to determine if there is a dependency between a boxer’s gender and winning rate. Data | Males| | Boxer| Reach (cm)| Win Rate (%)| 1| 170| 90. 00| 2| 173| 96. 77| 3| 183| 96. 88| 4| 194| 88. 57| 5| 183| 87. 88| 6| 207| 92. 31| 7| 177| 94. 29| 8| 183| 72. 34| 9| 201| 100. 00| 10| 198| 95. 24| 11| 198| 80. 77| 2| 179| 86. 21| 13| 179| 89. 29| 14| 183| 87. 88| 15| 180| 89. 66| | Females| | Boxer| Reach (cm)| Win Rate (%)| 1| 165| 89. 47| 2| 161| 86. 67| 3| 167| 66. 04| 4| 166| 75. 00| 5| 162| 81. 25| 6| 168| 93. 33| 7| 163| 76. 47| 8| 162| 75. 00| 9| 159| 88. 46| 10| 167| 86. 21| 11| 176| 80. 95| 12| 171| 83. 87| 13| 168| 82. 61| 14| 166| 78. 95| 15| 169| 90. 48| From the scatter plot using both male and female sets of data, we can predict tha t the calculated correlation would be weak and that a boxer’s win rate weakly correlates with his/her reach. This can be seen as the data points are spread and plotted quite far from the line of best fit. Math Processes Simple math processes: Average: Males * Reach in centimeters: 170+173+183+194+183+207+177+183+201+198+198+179+179+183+180=2788 2788/15= 185. 8666667 cm * Win rate in percentage: 90. 00+96. 77+96. 88+88. 57+87. 88+92. 31+94. 29+72. 34+100+95. 24+80. 77+86. 21+89. 29+87. 88+89. 66= 1348. 09 1348. 09/15= 89. 87% Average: Females * Reach in centimeters: 165+161+167+166+162+168+163+162+159+167+176+171+168+166+169= 2490 2490/15= 166 cm * Win rate in percentage: 89. 7+86. 67+66. 04+75+81. 25+93. 33+76. 47+75+88. 46+86. 21+80. 95+83. 87+82. 61+78. 95+90. 48=1234. 76 1234. 76/15=82. 32 Average: both genders * Reach in centimeters: 2788+2490=5278 5278/30=175. 93 cm * Win rate in percentage: 1348. 09+1234. 76= 2582. 85 2582. 85/30= 86. 095% We can see a small difference in win rate between the genders, with male boxers having a higher win rate by about 7%. We can see a bigger differenc e between the reach of the two genders but this would most likely be because men tend to grow and develop their bodies naturally larger than women. Standard Deviation: Reach: Males: Sx=170-185. 872+173-185. 872+183-185. 872+194-185. 872†¦180-185. 87215 Sx=10. 626 Females: Sx=165-1662+161-1662+167-1662+166-1662+162-1662†¦169-166215 Sx=4. 163 Both Genders: Sx=170-175. 932+173-175. 932+183-175. 932+194-175. 932†¦169-175. 93230 Sx=12. 798 We are able to see that the standard deviation is greater for the male boxers female boxers. We can assume that the pieces of data from the men are spread farther from the mean as compared to the data from the women. This means that in regards to the data collected, female boxers seem to be closer n their measured reach as compared to the males. The standard deviation for both groups surpasses the calculated standard deviation for the separate male and female groups, meaning that as a whole range of data, the reaches recorded altogether are even more spread out from the average as compared to the genders separately. Standard Deviation: Win rate: Males: Sx=90-89. 872+96. 77-89. 872+96 . 88-89. 872+88. 57-89. 872†¦89. 66-89. 87215 Sx=6. 67 Females: Sx=89. 47-82. 322+86. 67-82. 322+66. 04-82. 322+75-82. 322†¦90. 48-82. 32215 Sx=6. 995 Both Genders: Sy=90. 00-86. 0952+96. 7-86. 0952+96. 88-86. 0952+88. 57-86. 0952†¦90. 48-86. 095230 Sy = 7. 8087 We can see from the calculated standard deviations that the standard deviation for the win rate of males and females are close to each other, meaning that both have pieces of data that are similarly far from the calculated mean. You read "Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment" in category "Essay examples" In regards to all data recorded regardless of gender, the standard deviation is found to be slightly higher, meaning that the pieces of data for both genders are slightly farther from the mean as compared to the separate gender groups of data. Subject| Reach| Win Rate| xy| | 170| 90| 15300| 2| 173| 96. 77| 16741. 21| 3| 183| 96. 88| 17729. 04| 4| 194| 88. 57| 17182. 58| 5| 183| 87. 88| 16082. 04| 6| 207| 92. 31 | 19108. 17| 7| 177| 94. 29| 16689. 33| 8| 183| 72. 34| 13238. 22| 9| 201| 100| 20100| 10| 198| 95. 24| 18857. 52| 11| 198| 80. 77| 15992. 46| 12| 179| 86. 21| 15431. 59| 13| 179| 89. 29| 15982. 91| 14| 183| 87. 88| 16082. 04| 15| 180| 89. 66| 16138. 8| 16| 165| 89. 47| 14762. 55| 17| 161| 86. 67| 13953. 87| 18| 167| 66. 04| 11028. 68| 19| 166| 75| 12450| 20| 162| 81. 25| 13162. 5| 21| 168| 93. 33| 15679. 44| 22| 163| 76. 47| 12464. 1| 23| 162| 75| 12150| 24| 159| 88. 46| 14065. 14| 25| 167| 86. 21| 14397. 07| 26| 176| 80. 95| 14247. 2| 27| 171| 83. 87| 14341. 77| 28| 168| 82. 61| 13878. 48| 29| 166| 78. 95| 13105. 7| 30| 169| 90. 48| 15291. 12| sum| 5278| 2582. 85| 455634| average| 175. 9333| 86. 1| 15187. 8| Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient r: Covariance: x-x(y-y)n or xyn-x y x=175. 93 y=86. 095 xy=455634. 04 455634. 0430=15187. 80133 15187. 80133-175. 9386. 095=41. 10789 Correlation: r=SxySxSy Sxy=41. 10789 Sx=12. 798 Sy=7. 8087 41. 1078912. 798(7. 8087)=. 411344119 r=. 4 11344119 r2=. 1692039842 Correlation coefficient r is calculated to be very weak, meaning that reach and win rate show very little correlation and that a boxer’s reach is not a big factor of his or her chances of victory. With low correlation between a boxer’s reach and win rate, I will now see if gender is a factor of an athlete’s win rate by calculating chi squared. Chi-Square Observed Values | Numerical| Numerical| Total| Category| A| B| A+B| Category| C| D| C+D| Total| A+C| B+D| N| Calculating Expected Values | Numerical| Numerical| Total| Category| (A+B)(A+C)/30| (A+B)(B+D)/30| A+B| Category| (C+D)(A+C)/30| (C+D)(B+D)/30| C+D| Total| A+C| B+D| N| Intervals have been decided by average of the winning rates of the two genders. (82. 32+89. 87)/2=86. 095 Observed Data Values | Win rate 86%| Win rate ? 86%| Total| Male| 2| 13| 15| Female| 9| 6| 15| Total| 11| 19| 30| Calculated Expected Data Values | Win rate 86%| Win rate ? 86%| Total| Male| 5. 5| 9. 5| 15| Female| 5. 5| 9. 5| 15| Total| 11| 19| 30| Degrees of Freedom Df=(Rows-1) (Columns-1) (2-1)(2-1) = 1 ?2=fo-fe2fe fo = Observed Frequency fe = Expected Frequency ?2=1-323+7-7. 527. 5+7-4. 524. 5+5-323+8-7. 527. 5+2-4. 524. 5 Chi Square Value Table o| fe| fo-fe| (fe-fe)^2| (fo-fe)^2/fe| 2| 5. 5| 3. 5| 12. 25| 2. 227272727| 13| 9. 5| -3. 5| 12. 25| 1. 289473684| 9| 5. 5| -3. 5| 12. 25| 2. 227272727| 6| 9. 5| 3. 5| 12. 25| 1. 289473684| | | | sum:| 7. 033492823| ?2= 7. 033 Degrees of freedom= 1 Significance level= 5% 5% significance is used because it is the most common level of significance used. HO= Gender and win rate are independent of each other H1= Gend er and win rate are dependent of each other The ? 2 critical value at 5% significance with 1 degrees freedom is found to be 3. 841. The ? 2 value is greater than the critical value: 7. 333. 841, the null hypothesis is rejected and it can therefore be assumed that a boxer’s win rate is dependent of his or her gender. Discussion/Validity The investigation carried out to observe the correlation of Win rate and reach and win rate and gender has a few limitations that have affected the outcome of the results. One limitation is that although it is taken into account the reach of each boxer, their size and weight places them in different classes for professional fights. This means that fighters would normally be fighting people that have similar size, and theoretically, similar reach. With similar reach between two fighting boxers, the outcome of an athlete’s history of fights really could have been affected by other factors such as tactics and strength. Another limitation would be the fact that all of the collected pieces of data are all of high win rates. In boxing records and leagues, if there is a boxer who has won 90% of his matches, there should also be a boxer who has lost that many of his matches as well. The collected data covers 30 pieces. This is done to supply a large amount of data, enough to give reasonably accurate results. Half of the data gathered covered male boxers and the other half covered female for the purpose of investigating the dependency of win rate on gender with chi squared. One limitation in regards to the genders, is that there is no co-ed boxing, meaning that females and males do not compete with each other and are separated into two genders for boxing matches. Although there is no specified threshold for winning rates in boxing, the intervals decided in the chi squared tables can be justified as the below and above averages for the average win rates of the two genders. Conclusion The found ? 2 value of 7. 033 rejects the null hypothesis, that Win rate for boxers is independent of their gender and accepts the alternative hypothesis, that a boxer’s win rate is dependent of a boxer’s gender. The extent of this calculation is affected by the nature of the data collected. The data that was collected for males and females consisted of high win rate percentages, and in boxing, when there is an individual who has won 70% of his matches, there is sure to be an athlete who has lost 70% of his matches as well. The investigation shows that there is a very low correlation between reaches and win rate for boxers regardless of their gender. This outcome could have been affected because of one of the mentioned limitations above, where boxers of similar size and weight are placed in the same class and fight, so reach becomes less of a factor for victory as compared to strength, speed, and tactics. Works Cited Boxrec Boxing Records Ratings. 4 November 2012 http://boxrec. com/ratings. php. Boxrec. Boxrec Boxing Records. How to cite Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment, Essay examples

Immoral Means to Moral Ends free essay sample

First of all, I would like to say that I am almost impartial about choosing just one side in the given statement because they each have their strong arguments. I would present beforehand the factors that may have influenced the way of thinking that I have used to come up with my choice. On one side, one can say that what is immoral could be accepted as moral when it benefits the society or the one whom the immoral act is attributed to. A concrete example of this theory is the most debated topic concerning euthanasia. The Catholic Church highly prohibits this act from their members. But take the side of the patient who wants to die to end his pains and his family’s sufferings. He may believe that it is but right to take his life away because he knows that it is almost in its end anyways. His family may have acted immorally when they consented to his mercy killing; but they may just have respected a wish of a dying man to be able to relieve him from all the pains that he is under. We will write a custom essay sample on Immoral Means to Moral Ends or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The side which I chose to lean on is to disagree to any use of immoral acts to achieve moral ends. Despite experiencing utmost struggles to attain something, we should never forget that we can always persevere to be able to achieve something without having to take the short and easy way. From the situation above, killing the man who is experiencing tumultuous pains as of the moment doesn’t necessarily mean that you are giving him the peace that he needs. There are a lot of possibilities that you could have done to relieve him from his pains; Such as being strong for him when he is in his most trying times. When he couldn’t find the strength to move on, his family should be his stronghold. They shouldn’t give up on him just yet even if the doctors have taken hope away from him. They could probably give him or let him experience everything he wanted to do in his life to take away his thoughts from his sufferings. The family should also see to it that they don’t let the dying man feel that they are tired of taking care of him which would push him even more to the idea of ending his life. They should also consider that they could bank on even just the slightest trace of hope; they should never forget that miracles do happen. That maybe what they are experiencing is just a test of time on how strong their relationship as a family is. And that when they will finally be able to surpass it and the sick man lives on, he will still serve some greater purpose in their lives or to someone else’s, and if he doesn’t then at least they can live and sleep tight in the night knowing that they didn’t take that chance away from the sick man, Because it was not theirs for taking in the first place. So despite having many strong arguments on the acceptability of immoral means to achieve moral ends, we should always consider that no matter whatever situation we are in or how trying the time may have becomethere will always be a silver lining behind those dark clouds. Man can and will always find a way to get him out of a sticky situation without having to soil his morality. To every problem, there is always a wrong and right solution; you just need to think out of the box and not focus on the easier means which you might regret taking up in the end.