Threats Of Electronic Money Transfer Research Paper

Dangers Of Electronic Money Transfer - Research Paper Example To achieve their targets, psychological oppressor require budgetary assets and simple reserve move exchanges to complete their demonstrations of dread. In such manner, the fear based oppressor has discovered the Internet the most helpful route with the end goal of correspondence and coordination with their accomplices situating in different pieces of the world; furthermore, they send and get their assets by means of utilizing electronic methods. This test can be limited to a significant degree however it can never be wished away completely. In such manner, the job of Central Banks is of basic significance. In the ensuing piece of this paper, first, electronic cash move is characterized and is trailed by a danger of abuse of this channel by psychological militant and global criminal gatherings. Prior to end, a few recommendations are represented to limit this unlawful utilization of the Internet.An electronic installment framework includes the administrations of numerous components. A n installment framework is distinguished as the associations between different subjects and is made of various components. Among these different components, framework members, the foundation of the framework, and the instruments encouraging the exchange of financial incentive between various clients are the huge elements.Traditionally, we had two gatherings encouraging asset move starting with one spot then onto the next sender and recipient. More often than not, reserves were moved with the utilization of non-electronic methods. Paper-based cash move exchanges were basic starting with one money related then onto the next monetary institution.... For that reason, they can go to any degree. To accomplish their destinations, fear monger require monetary assets and simple store move exchanges to do their demonstrations of dread. In such manner, fear based oppressor have discovered the Internet the most advantageous route with the end goal of correspondence and coordination with their accomplices situating in different pieces of the world; furthermore, they send and get their assets through utilizing electronic methods. This test can be limited to an impressive degree yet it can never be wished away completely. In such manner, the job of Central Banks is of basic significance. In the ensuing piece of this paper, first, electronic cash move is characterized and is trailed by a danger of abuse of this channel by fear monger and universal criminal gatherings. Prior to end, a few proposals are represented to limit this illicit utilization of the Internet. An electronic installment framework includes the administrations of numerous co mponents. An installment framework is recognized as the cooperations between different subjects and is made of various components. Among these different components, framework members, the foundation of framework, and the instruments encouraging the exchange of money related an incentive between various clients are the huge elements(Merlonghi, 2010). Customarily, we had two gatherings encouraging asset move starting with one spot then onto the next sender and recipient. More often than not, reserves were moved with the utilization of non-electronic methods. For that reason, paper based cash move exchanges were basic starting with one monetary then onto the next budgetary establishment. In addition, in paper based exchange time and cost were similarly more than the costs included by means of utilizing electronic method of reserve move. Because of these realities, the whole framework

Spillover Benefits Versus the Free-rider Problem Essay

Overflow Benefits Versus the Free-rider Problem - Essay Example The administration should make such enactments so as to maintain a strategic distance from this issue as these may in the end lead to the decimation of prudent framework. Overflow benefits versus the Free Rider issue Societies, individuals, conditions experience many negative and positive circumstances because of various conditions that happen. By beneficial outcomes it implies the advantages and focal points delighted in by them when tagged along the way, and by negative impacts it implies the unsafe and risky impacts which are forced over them. These constructive and adverse impacts are straightforwardly related now and again, however it might indirectly affect others or environmental factors because of another person. Such outside or roundabout impacts are named as externalities or overflow impacts. Overflow is characterized here to mean †â€Å"indirect or startling advantages to different clients from the up-take of research, including purchaser surpluses produced through r ivalry and dissemination of information through improvement of specialized aptitudes. These advantages can likewise emerge from the formation of new information stages that generously adjust procedures, items or services†. (Overflow profits by TBGs. ... The compound that is discharged from the manufacturing plant legitimately influences those individuals who are not associated with the plant. Subsequently they need to follow through on a cost or cost of being the inhabitants of that region despite the fact that they have no worry or favorable circumstances from the plant. Such impacts are named as negative overflow impacts or overflow costs. Then again, when somebody appreciates specific advantages from something like this or procedure through which he/she isn't straightforwardly related with, it is named as positive overflow impacts or overflow benefits. There can be numerous models set in such manner; the exchange understandings between any two nations or associations legitimately influence the people who are engaged with import-trade business, in spite of the fact that there has been no power from their side to settle on such an understanding. Thus they appreciate the advantages by spending nothing from themselves. Different mode ls may incorporate instruction, which train adolescents how to be a decent and gainful resident of the general public, thus the more youngsters get taught in these terms, the more society would profit as the crime percentage will diminish and there would be sufficient harmony in the nation. Through legitimate instruction, increasingly talented specialists will go into the market which will along these lines make great quality items and offer better types of assistance to their bosses. These overflow benefits, when surpass through a specific cutoff points, are additionally named as the â€Å"free rider problem†, got from the idea of somebody riding in an open vehicle without paying its toll. Consequently all such individuals who appreciate the overflow benefits are called free riders. The free rider issue is of extraordinary concern everywhere throughout the world, since there are countless individuals who expend such assets

The Case for Cursive Analog Tool in a Digital World

The Case for Cursive Analog Tool in a Digital World (0) I am an out-of-sync, eccentric, old soul and I love it. It gives me intense pleasure to know that I share this blessing with my artist of choice, my muse, my on-shuffle-24-7, Ms. Erykah Badu. She is known by many names but it is the moniker of Analog Girl in a Digital World  that I identify with most. I AM an analog guy in a digital world. I am in love with the present and the prospects of the future. Technology makes me endlessly happy, but there are certain bits of the past that I cannot and will not ever give up. One of the many is writing long-hand, in cursive, with ink. Please and thank you. Give me a fountain pen.  And not one of those lousy ballpoints. Helen Lawson, Valley of the Dolls I was first informed of my aptitude for cursive at Boy Scouts in the 3rd grade. I was not a model scout. I never won the Pinewood Derby, could not care less about the sport aspect and absolutely hated being out in nature. But, I’ll never forget the rainy day working on a cheesy writing prompt when Doug Patton and all the other scouts oohed and aahed over my cursive script. They chose me to be the recorder. This was the first time I ever felt truly ‘good’ at something. I’m sad to say there was not a cursive writing badge. Aside from being skilled at writing in script, I truly believe in cursive. It deserves attention as something necessary and worthwhile by students and teachers. Consider these reasons for building time for cursive into (what I know to be already busy) schedules: Primary Sources and Historical Documents: The cursive words themselves have always been like a poem to me, in that they convey more than the concepts they symbolically represent. Yes, reading this script can be tedious, but writing it, I would imagine, was a rather laborious process in itself. Let us place ourselves in the shoes of the framers of our country and attempt to feel what they felt through careful and close reading of documents in their original form. Occupational Benefits:  Some kids fail to develop good handwriting abilities due to joint hypermobility (low muscle tone) and poor fine motor coordination and hand strength.  Racheal Ojo, MS, OTR/L is a colleague with whom I collaborate regularly. “The skills that cursive handwriting further develops are visual-motor, eye-hand coordination, and fine motor skills.” In her clinical opinion, cursive writing will benefit students with spatial difficulties build fine-motor skills, upper extremity strength, and place less of a demand on the mechanics of writing, due to the rhythmic-fluid strokes. Ms. Ojo feels that cursive writing incorporates these developmental skills and allows students to integrate these skills from parts into a single unit. Increased Processing:  In their article The Pen is Mightier Than the Keyboard:  Advantages of Longhand over Laptop Note Taking, Pam A. Mueller and Daniel M. Oppenheimer showed that students that take longhand notes and were able to study them performed significantly better on factual recall and conceptual application questions relative to students that take their notes on a laptop. Encoding information using longhand, it was found, aids in synthesizing and summarizing content. Knowing the demands that my colleagues face while still wanting to speak to the benefits of cursive writing for the students, I decided to create an after-school club devoted to the beauty and appreciation of cursive.  Introducing (drumroll, please) Scripted: A Cursive Writing Club! Scripted was a 10 week program that met on Friday afternoons in the library from 2:30 to 4:30 pm. There were 15 members in the club ranging from 3rd to 5th grade. The split was about 50% boys and girls. There really was no budget for this club. We used paper, pencils, pens, and plastic sleeves regularly, all of which we have stocked in the library. The curriculum I used is called Handwriting Program for Cursive. It was written by Phyllis Bertin and Eileen Pearlman and distributed by Educational Publishing Service. I actually found a PDF of this 10 page curriculum on line, and I have to say it is fantastic. It highlights four basic principles for teaching cursive: Handwriting is taught and practiced under the direct supervision of the teacher The instructional sequence for teaching handwriting is to trace, copy, and write from memory Motor patterns are always introduced through the large muscles of the arm and shoulder Language is used to teach and reinforce handwriting Letters are classified into 10 groups based on motor patterns. Four for lowercase and 6 uppercase groups. The groups have names like “clock climbers” (a, d, g, q, and c) and “tall kite strings” (G and S). Verbalized instructions for drawing each letter are provided and provide something of a “chant” for how to move one’s hand to produce the letter. These verbal instructions were eventually memorized and were a lovely scaffold for the kids. To add a digital aspect to the curriculum, I curated a playlist on my YouTube channel  of videos that support independent cursive study. Since I envisioned Scripted as a social club, each session began with snacks and socializing for about 20 minutes. I allowed cell phones for this time to check in with parents, and to add to our school library’s Snapchat account or share music and videos with one another.  Kids brought their own healthy snacks. Then we moved into hand/muscle exercises and stretching. I worked with Ms. Ojo in designing these activities to speak to the occupational aspects of cursive. The activities were snapping, finger push-ups, wrist rolls, paper tearing, clay manipulation and building with Legos. The next phase of the session was the direct-teach of stroke formation and the chant to accompany the letter. This was done using an ELMO digital camera to provide a “bird’s eye view” projected onto the Promethean Panel. Students then were called to “share the pen,” to get a feel for the stroke before giving it a go on their own. Afterward, students returned to their tables for desk work of tracing the letters using a plastic page protector and dry-erase pen.  Students got to share their best work if they wanted using the projector. The final 20 min after cleanup was devoted to poetry reading by me or the students and sometimes both. As stated above, I see parallels between cursive writing and poetry. I feel that they pair together nicely. Where poetry is beauty in language, cursive is beauty in writing. The culminating event for Scripted was a gallery showing of favorite poems we read throughout the cycle copied in cursive on recycled paper. We used clips of construction paper we tore exercising our fingers to make mosaic tear-art creations to accompany the poems. We were going for a updated nod to the needlework sampler. I am so completely blown away by the progress of these kids. The growth I saw in them not only as cursive writers but as human beings was inspiring and motivates me to continue this year after year. The success is humbling to me, actually. Students that some had given up on rose to the occasion and proved something to me but most importantly to themselves: That they were good at something. It is a feeling I have never forgotten, and I like to think that I provided something they will also never forget. I suppose this is all coming full circle. When I began this club, I had no idea I was hot on the heels of the New York City Department of Education. Will Mantell, NYCDOE spokesperson says, “[the NYCDOE] is focused on providing schools with the best instructional resources, and we’ve already released two resources this year for schools to teach cursive and print handwriting.” Teaching Cursive Writing  and Teaching Manuscript Writing  handbooks were produced for the 2016-17 school year as a tool for schools. These resources present best practices and strategies in writing instruction. At this time, the NYCDOE is working with superintendents and school leaders on how to incorporate cursive and manuscript instruction. Although cursive instruction is not mandated, the release of these resources lets me know that I am not alone. It lets me know that Chancellor Fariña, the office of Curriculum and Instruction and I are on the same page. This gives me hope for the continuance and appreciation for cursive writing in our schools in this time of pending digital takeover. The thought of tomorrow fills me with a mix of exhilaration and bewilderment. Exhilarated at the prospects of what it brings and bewildered by the rate at which our lives will undoubtedly change over many tomorrows. In this epoch of digital flashes, I fear we are losing sight of the analog mainstays that have stood the test of time. There are many parts of myself that are new school, but so many more that are old school and I would not want it any other way. There is a lyric in On On, where Erykah says that the man that knows something knows that he knows nothing at all. This old soul is holding fast to the knowledge that what I know today will be changed by tomorrow, but  that is not going to change my psyche or my DNA and that is where my penchant for cursive and all those other analog cells reside. The same is true for my students and your students. We owe them the analog parts of ourselves so they can fully appreciate and diffuse them into an increasingly digital world.

Reading Comprehension Worksheet 1 Answers

If you have gone through the Reading Comprehension Worksheet 1 Escaping the Endless Adolescence,  then  read the answers below. These reading comprehension worksheet answers are affiliated with the article, so they wont make much sense by themselves. Reading Comprehension Worksheet 1 Answers Escaping the Endless Adolescence 1. This passage is narrated from the point of view of (C) a concerned therapist who works with struggling young adults. Why? A is incorrect because it uses the word bulimia, and the disorder was anorexia. Plus, you wouldnt expect concerned parents to take their child to see a college professor for help. B is incorrect because its an older person telling the story. D is incorrect because sleeping and compulsive disorders are never discussed nor implied. E is incorrect because a college student would not have an office or visits from concerned parents. 2. According to the worksheet passage, Perrys two biggest problems were (A) being an unhappy achiever and his parents increase of his mental strain. Why? Look at lines 26–27 and lines 38–39. The problems are stated explicitly. 3. The primary purpose of the passage is to (A) describe one young mans struggle with anorexia and, in doing so, provide possible reasons a young person may resort to an eating disorder. Why? To start, look at the verbs at the beginning of the answers. You can get rid of answer choices B and C because the passage neither advocates for anyone nor compares anything. D is incorrect because the passage is largely unemotional, and E is wrong because its too broad: The passage focuses on one young man and his struggle more than it focuses on todays youth as a whole. 4. The author uses which of the following in the sentence starting on line 18: But beneath his academic success, Perry faced a world of troubles, and while he took awhile to get to know, eventually the problems came pouring out? (E) metaphor Why? But beneath his academic success, Perry faced a world of troubles, and while he took awhile to get to know, eventually the problems came pouring out. Actually, the sentence in the passage uses two metaphors: world of troubles and pouring out. The author compares the amount of troubles facing Perry to a world without using the word like or as. He also compares Perrys relating of his troubles to pouring, two explicitly different ideas connected without the simile signifiers. 5. In the second  sentence of the last paragraph, the word inadvertently most nearly means (D) mistakenly Why? Heres where your vocabulary knowledge or your ability to understand vocab words in context comes in handy. If you didnt know the meaning of the word, you could assume some things based on the text: But in their efforts to nurture and support him, his parents inadvertently increased his mental strain. Nurturing and supporting are positive things. With the but you know that the opposite is true in the last part of the sentence, so you could assume that the parents didnt mean to increase his mental strain, thus, answer D.

Margaret Sanger Biography - Birth Control Advocate

Known for: advocating birth control and womens health Occupation: nurse, birth control advocateDates: September 14, 1879 - September 6, 1966 (Some sources, including Websters Dictionary of American Women and Contemporary Authors Online (2004) give her birth year as 1883.)Also Known as: Margaret Louise Higgins Sanger Margaret Sanger Biography Margaret Sanger was born in Corning, New York.   Her father was an Irish immigrant, and her mother an Irish-American.   Her father was a free-thinker and her mother a Roman Catholic.   She was one of eleven children, and blamed her mothers early death on both the familys poverty and her mothers frequent pregnancies and childbirths. So Margaret Higgins decided to avoid her mothers fate, becoming educated and having a career as a nurse.   She was working towards her nursing degree at White Plains Hospital in New York when she married an architect and left her training.   After she had three children, the couple decided to move to New York City.   There, they became involved in a circle of feminists and socialists.    In 1912, Sanger wrote a column on womens health and sexuality called What Every Girl Should Know for the Socialist Party paper, the  Call. She collected and published articles as What Every Girl Should Know (1916) and What Every Mother Should Know (1917).   Her 1924 article, The Case for Birth Control, was one of many articles she published. However, the  Comstock Act of 1873 was used to forbid distribution of birth control devices and information. Her article on venereal disease was declared obscene in 1913 and banned from the mails. In 1913 she went to Europe to escape arrest. When she returned from Europe, she applied her nursing education as a visiting nurse on the Lower East Side of New York City. In working with immigrant women in poverty, she saw many instances of women suffering and even dying from frequent pregnancies and childbirths, and also from miscarriages. She recognized that many women attempted to deal with unwanted pregnancies with self-induced abortions, often with tragic results to their own health and lives, affecting their ability to care for their families. She was forbidden under government censorship laws from providing information on contraception. In the radical middle-class circles in which she moved, many women were availing themselves of contraceptives, even if their distribution and information about them were banned by law. But in her work as a nurse, and influenced by Emma Goldman, she saw that poor women didnt have the same opportunities to plan their motherhood. She came to believe that unwanted pregnancy was the biggest barrier to a working class or poor womans freedom. She decided that the laws against information on contraception and distribution of contraceptive devices were unfair and unjust, and that she would confront them. She founded a paper, Woman Rebel, on her return. She was indicted for mailing obscenities, fled to Europe, and the indictment was withdrawn. In 1914 she founded the National Birth Control League which was taken over by Mary Ware Dennett and others while Sanger was in Europe. In 1916 (1917 according to some sources), Sanger set up the first birth control clinic in the United States and, the following year, was sent to the workhouse for creating a public nuisance. Her many arrests and prosecutions, and the resulting outcries, helped lead to changes in laws, giving doctors the right to give birth control advice (and later, birth control devices) to patients. Her first marriage, to architect William Sanger in 1902, ended in divorce in 1920. She was remarried in 1922 to J. Noah H. Slee, though she kept her by-then-famous (or infamous) name from her first marriage. In 1927 Sanger helped organize the first World Population Conference in Geneva. In 1942, after several organizational mergers and name changes, Planned Parenthood Federation came into being. Sanger wrote many books and articles on birth control and marriage, and an autobiography (the latter in 1938). Today, organizations and individuals which oppose abortion and, often, birth control, have charged Sanger with eugenicism and racism. Sangers supporters consider the charges exaggerated or false, or the quotes used taken out of context.

Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment Free Essays

string(131) " males and females are close to each other, meaning that both have pieces of data that are similarly far from the calculated mean\." Dependency of a Boxer’s Win rate on Reach and Gender Antonio Paolo Gomez Candidate No. 003902-006 Northbridge International School Cambodia Math Studies Internal Assessment Word Count: 1655 Statement of Task3 Plan3 Data4 Math Processes5 Simple math processes:5 Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient r:7 Chi-Square8 Discussion/Validity10 Conclusion10 Works Cited11 Statement of Task Boxing is a very well known sport around the world, where two disciplined athletes face off in a ring, trading blows until one of them submits or until judges decide a winner. The sport revolves around throwing blows with their fists, and to organize said athletes, their characteristics are measured, and their accomplishments are recorded. We will write a custom essay sample on Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before a fight is held, a fighter’s profile is summarized, mentioning the person’s height, weight, reach, and their win/loss record. All of what is mentioned is said to play a big part in the flow of the match. The purpose of this investigation is to determine if there is a relationship between a boxer’s reach and his winning rate. The data that will be taken will be professional boxers’ measured reach and their counts of wins and losses for winning rate. The measurement of a boxer’s reach is used to determine how far he can extend his punch. The measure of boxers’ reaches and their records of wins and losses will be used to determine if reach is one of the larger factors that affect an athlete’s chances in a match. Plan The investigation will include data gathered from professional boxers, which are their reach and their counts of wins and losses. The data that will be collected can be collected from official sites online, which have brief profiles of athletes’ measurements. I will be using official sites since they tend to be up to date and have accurate and legit information. The amount of data collected will consist of 30 athletes, half of whom are male and half are female. The data will be collected from official boxing sites such as BoxRec. com, which contains the profiles of numerous official boxers and their measurements, which includes their reach and wins and losses. The data for one athlete will consist of his reach and his win/loss record. I will attempt to avoid any professional athletes that are relatively new to the professional stage, so I will be looking at boxers with around at least five years of experience. Once the data has been acquired, the data will be analyzed using different mathematical processes. A scatter plot will be used to plot out said data. The correlation coefficient r will be calculated. The   test of independence will be used to determine if there is a dependency between a boxer’s gender and winning rate. Data | Males| | Boxer| Reach (cm)| Win Rate (%)| 1| 170| 90. 00| 2| 173| 96. 77| 3| 183| 96. 88| 4| 194| 88. 57| 5| 183| 87. 88| 6| 207| 92. 31| 7| 177| 94. 29| 8| 183| 72. 34| 9| 201| 100. 00| 10| 198| 95. 24| 11| 198| 80. 77| 2| 179| 86. 21| 13| 179| 89. 29| 14| 183| 87. 88| 15| 180| 89. 66| | Females| | Boxer| Reach (cm)| Win Rate (%)| 1| 165| 89. 47| 2| 161| 86. 67| 3| 167| 66. 04| 4| 166| 75. 00| 5| 162| 81. 25| 6| 168| 93. 33| 7| 163| 76. 47| 8| 162| 75. 00| 9| 159| 88. 46| 10| 167| 86. 21| 11| 176| 80. 95| 12| 171| 83. 87| 13| 168| 82. 61| 14| 166| 78. 95| 15| 169| 90. 48| From the scatter plot using both male and female sets of data, we can predict tha t the calculated correlation would be weak and that a boxer’s win rate weakly correlates with his/her reach. This can be seen as the data points are spread and plotted quite far from the line of best fit. Math Processes Simple math processes: Average: Males * Reach in centimeters: 170+173+183+194+183+207+177+183+201+198+198+179+179+183+180=2788 2788/15= 185. 8666667 cm * Win rate in percentage: 90. 00+96. 77+96. 88+88. 57+87. 88+92. 31+94. 29+72. 34+100+95. 24+80. 77+86. 21+89. 29+87. 88+89. 66= 1348. 09 1348. 09/15= 89. 87% Average: Females * Reach in centimeters: 165+161+167+166+162+168+163+162+159+167+176+171+168+166+169= 2490 2490/15= 166 cm * Win rate in percentage: 89. 7+86. 67+66. 04+75+81. 25+93. 33+76. 47+75+88. 46+86. 21+80. 95+83. 87+82. 61+78. 95+90. 48=1234. 76 1234. 76/15=82. 32 Average: both genders * Reach in centimeters: 2788+2490=5278 5278/30=175. 93 cm * Win rate in percentage: 1348. 09+1234. 76= 2582. 85 2582. 85/30= 86. 095% We can see a small difference in win rate between the genders, with male boxers having a higher win rate by about 7%. We can see a bigger differenc e between the reach of the two genders but this would most likely be because men tend to grow and develop their bodies naturally larger than women. Standard Deviation: Reach: Males: Sx=170-185. 872+173-185. 872+183-185. 872+194-185. 872†¦180-185. 87215 Sx=10. 626 Females: Sx=165-1662+161-1662+167-1662+166-1662+162-1662†¦169-166215 Sx=4. 163 Both Genders: Sx=170-175. 932+173-175. 932+183-175. 932+194-175. 932†¦169-175. 93230 Sx=12. 798 We are able to see that the standard deviation is greater for the male boxers female boxers. We can assume that the pieces of data from the men are spread farther from the mean as compared to the data from the women. This means that in regards to the data collected, female boxers seem to be closer n their measured reach as compared to the males. The standard deviation for both groups surpasses the calculated standard deviation for the separate male and female groups, meaning that as a whole range of data, the reaches recorded altogether are even more spread out from the average as compared to the genders separately. Standard Deviation: Win rate: Males: Sx=90-89. 872+96. 77-89. 872+96 . 88-89. 872+88. 57-89. 872†¦89. 66-89. 87215 Sx=6. 67 Females: Sx=89. 47-82. 322+86. 67-82. 322+66. 04-82. 322+75-82. 322†¦90. 48-82. 32215 Sx=6. 995 Both Genders: Sy=90. 00-86. 0952+96. 7-86. 0952+96. 88-86. 0952+88. 57-86. 0952†¦90. 48-86. 095230 Sy = 7. 8087 We can see from the calculated standard deviations that the standard deviation for the win rate of males and females are close to each other, meaning that both have pieces of data that are similarly far from the calculated mean. You read "Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment" in category "Essay examples" In regards to all data recorded regardless of gender, the standard deviation is found to be slightly higher, meaning that the pieces of data for both genders are slightly farther from the mean as compared to the separate gender groups of data. Subject| Reach| Win Rate| xy| | 170| 90| 15300| 2| 173| 96. 77| 16741. 21| 3| 183| 96. 88| 17729. 04| 4| 194| 88. 57| 17182. 58| 5| 183| 87. 88| 16082. 04| 6| 207| 92. 31 | 19108. 17| 7| 177| 94. 29| 16689. 33| 8| 183| 72. 34| 13238. 22| 9| 201| 100| 20100| 10| 198| 95. 24| 18857. 52| 11| 198| 80. 77| 15992. 46| 12| 179| 86. 21| 15431. 59| 13| 179| 89. 29| 15982. 91| 14| 183| 87. 88| 16082. 04| 15| 180| 89. 66| 16138. 8| 16| 165| 89. 47| 14762. 55| 17| 161| 86. 67| 13953. 87| 18| 167| 66. 04| 11028. 68| 19| 166| 75| 12450| 20| 162| 81. 25| 13162. 5| 21| 168| 93. 33| 15679. 44| 22| 163| 76. 47| 12464. 1| 23| 162| 75| 12150| 24| 159| 88. 46| 14065. 14| 25| 167| 86. 21| 14397. 07| 26| 176| 80. 95| 14247. 2| 27| 171| 83. 87| 14341. 77| 28| 168| 82. 61| 13878. 48| 29| 166| 78. 95| 13105. 7| 30| 169| 90. 48| 15291. 12| sum| 5278| 2582. 85| 455634| average| 175. 9333| 86. 1| 15187. 8| Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient r: Covariance: x-x(y-y)n or xyn-x y x=175. 93 y=86. 095 xy=455634. 04 455634. 0430=15187. 80133 15187. 80133-175. 9386. 095=41. 10789 Correlation: r=SxySxSy Sxy=41. 10789 Sx=12. 798 Sy=7. 8087 41. 1078912. 798(7. 8087)=. 411344119 r=. 4 11344119 r2=. 1692039842 Correlation coefficient r is calculated to be very weak, meaning that reach and win rate show very little correlation and that a boxer’s reach is not a big factor of his or her chances of victory. With low correlation between a boxer’s reach and win rate, I will now see if gender is a factor of an athlete’s win rate by calculating chi squared. Chi-Square Observed Values | Numerical| Numerical| Total| Category| A| B| A+B| Category| C| D| C+D| Total| A+C| B+D| N| Calculating Expected Values | Numerical| Numerical| Total| Category| (A+B)(A+C)/30| (A+B)(B+D)/30| A+B| Category| (C+D)(A+C)/30| (C+D)(B+D)/30| C+D| Total| A+C| B+D| N| Intervals have been decided by average of the winning rates of the two genders. (82. 32+89. 87)/2=86. 095 Observed Data Values | Win rate 86%| Win rate ? 86%| Total| Male| 2| 13| 15| Female| 9| 6| 15| Total| 11| 19| 30| Calculated Expected Data Values | Win rate 86%| Win rate ? 86%| Total| Male| 5. 5| 9. 5| 15| Female| 5. 5| 9. 5| 15| Total| 11| 19| 30| Degrees of Freedom Df=(Rows-1) (Columns-1) (2-1)(2-1) = 1 ?2=fo-fe2fe fo = Observed Frequency fe = Expected Frequency ?2=1-323+7-7. 527. 5+7-4. 524. 5+5-323+8-7. 527. 5+2-4. 524. 5 Chi Square Value Table o| fe| fo-fe| (fe-fe)^2| (fo-fe)^2/fe| 2| 5. 5| 3. 5| 12. 25| 2. 227272727| 13| 9. 5| -3. 5| 12. 25| 1. 289473684| 9| 5. 5| -3. 5| 12. 25| 2. 227272727| 6| 9. 5| 3. 5| 12. 25| 1. 289473684| | | | sum:| 7. 033492823| ?2= 7. 033 Degrees of freedom= 1 Significance level= 5% 5% significance is used because it is the most common level of significance used. HO= Gender and win rate are independent of each other H1= Gend er and win rate are dependent of each other The ? 2 critical value at 5% significance with 1 degrees freedom is found to be 3. 841. The ? 2 value is greater than the critical value: 7. 333. 841, the null hypothesis is rejected and it can therefore be assumed that a boxer’s win rate is dependent of his or her gender. Discussion/Validity The investigation carried out to observe the correlation of Win rate and reach and win rate and gender has a few limitations that have affected the outcome of the results. One limitation is that although it is taken into account the reach of each boxer, their size and weight places them in different classes for professional fights. This means that fighters would normally be fighting people that have similar size, and theoretically, similar reach. With similar reach between two fighting boxers, the outcome of an athlete’s history of fights really could have been affected by other factors such as tactics and strength. Another limitation would be the fact that all of the collected pieces of data are all of high win rates. In boxing records and leagues, if there is a boxer who has won 90% of his matches, there should also be a boxer who has lost that many of his matches as well. The collected data covers 30 pieces. This is done to supply a large amount of data, enough to give reasonably accurate results. Half of the data gathered covered male boxers and the other half covered female for the purpose of investigating the dependency of win rate on gender with chi squared. One limitation in regards to the genders, is that there is no co-ed boxing, meaning that females and males do not compete with each other and are separated into two genders for boxing matches. Although there is no specified threshold for winning rates in boxing, the intervals decided in the chi squared tables can be justified as the below and above averages for the average win rates of the two genders. Conclusion The found ? 2 value of 7. 033 rejects the null hypothesis, that Win rate for boxers is independent of their gender and accepts the alternative hypothesis, that a boxer’s win rate is dependent of a boxer’s gender. The extent of this calculation is affected by the nature of the data collected. The data that was collected for males and females consisted of high win rate percentages, and in boxing, when there is an individual who has won 70% of his matches, there is sure to be an athlete who has lost 70% of his matches as well. The investigation shows that there is a very low correlation between reaches and win rate for boxers regardless of their gender. This outcome could have been affected because of one of the mentioned limitations above, where boxers of similar size and weight are placed in the same class and fight, so reach becomes less of a factor for victory as compared to strength, speed, and tactics. Works Cited Boxrec Boxing Records Ratings. 4 November 2012 http://boxrec. com/ratings. php. Boxrec. Boxrec Boxing Records. How to cite Math Studies Sl Internal Assessment, Essay examples

Immoral Means to Moral Ends free essay sample

First of all, I would like to say that I am almost impartial about choosing just one side in the given statement because they each have their strong arguments. I would present beforehand the factors that may have influenced the way of thinking that I have used to come up with my choice. On one side, one can say that what is immoral could be accepted as moral when it benefits the society or the one whom the immoral act is attributed to. A concrete example of this theory is the most debated topic concerning euthanasia. The Catholic Church highly prohibits this act from their members. But take the side of the patient who wants to die to end his pains and his family’s sufferings. He may believe that it is but right to take his life away because he knows that it is almost in its end anyways. His family may have acted immorally when they consented to his mercy killing; but they may just have respected a wish of a dying man to be able to relieve him from all the pains that he is under. We will write a custom essay sample on Immoral Means to Moral Ends or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The side which I chose to lean on is to disagree to any use of immoral acts to achieve moral ends. Despite experiencing utmost struggles to attain something, we should never forget that we can always persevere to be able to achieve something without having to take the short and easy way. From the situation above, killing the man who is experiencing tumultuous pains as of the moment doesn’t necessarily mean that you are giving him the peace that he needs. There are a lot of possibilities that you could have done to relieve him from his pains; Such as being strong for him when he is in his most trying times. When he couldn’t find the strength to move on, his family should be his stronghold. They shouldn’t give up on him just yet even if the doctors have taken hope away from him. They could probably give him or let him experience everything he wanted to do in his life to take away his thoughts from his sufferings. The family should also see to it that they don’t let the dying man feel that they are tired of taking care of him which would push him even more to the idea of ending his life. They should also consider that they could bank on even just the slightest trace of hope; they should never forget that miracles do happen. That maybe what they are experiencing is just a test of time on how strong their relationship as a family is. And that when they will finally be able to surpass it and the sick man lives on, he will still serve some greater purpose in their lives or to someone else’s, and if he doesn’t then at least they can live and sleep tight in the night knowing that they didn’t take that chance away from the sick man, Because it was not theirs for taking in the first place. So despite having many strong arguments on the acceptability of immoral means to achieve moral ends, we should always consider that no matter whatever situation we are in or how trying the time may have becomethere will always be a silver lining behind those dark clouds. Man can and will always find a way to get him out of a sticky situation without having to soil his morality. To every problem, there is always a wrong and right solution; you just need to think out of the box and not focus on the easier means which you might regret taking up in the end.

Marketing Plan for Spenil free essay sample

Principles of Marketing Report on MARKETING PLAN ON SEPNIL INSTANT HAND SANITIZER Submitted To: Ms. Nausheen Rahman Associate Professor, Department of Finance, University of Dhaka Date of Submission: 25 May, 2013 Submitted By: Group # 08 Serial No. | Name| ID| Remarks| 01. | Sanjida Rahman Liza| 18-010| | 02. | Jannatul Naima| 18-065| | 03. | Rahima Nazat Ara| 18-074| | 04. | Fowziah Nahid Priya| 18-096| | 05. | Nihad Ibna Matin | 18-125| | 06. | Hamida Akter Hira| 18-146| | 07. | Sneharthi Ghosh| 18-152| | 08| Shahanaz Parvin| 18-259| | Section: A B. B. A 18th Batch Department of Finance University of Dhaka LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 25 May, 2013 Ms. Nausheen Rahman Associate Professor Department of Finance University of Dhaka Subject: Submission of report on â€Å"Marketing plan on sepnil instant hand sanitizer† Dear Madam, We are obliged to submit the report entitled â€Å"Marketing plan on sepnil instant hand sanitizer†, as a partial requirement of the course â€Å"Principles of Marketing† under your instruction. This report highlights the factors marketers must consider when setting marketing strategies and when preparing plan for their products. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan for Spenil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To prepare this report we have tried to implement our theoretical knowledge with practical experiences. . We are extremely grateful to you for your valuable guidance, diligent effort inspiring words. We have tried our best to follow your instructions, schedule and discipline obediently. Sincerely, Sanjida Rahman Liza On behalf of the group members Section- A BBA 18th Batch Department of Finance University of Dhaka TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement We express our thanks to our dear course teacher Ms. Nausheen Rahman for assigning us a report dealing with real impacts of marketing strategies. In this regard, we would also like to thank ourselves as our good teamwork and successful team spirit. Without cooperation and the support from each other, it would not be possible to prepare such a resourceful report. The presentation of this report is of a great expectation in our BBA program and we are quite happy to submit it. Theoretical knowledge is valued when it is successfully applied in practical scenario. In this respect we found this report a great opportunity to deal with some special concentrations of real world problems when we want to capture market for a product having less demand in the market. So lastly we would again like to express our heartfelt thanks to our course teacher for providing such scope to gain practical knowledge and enrich our study with realistic implication of knowledge. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is a disinfectant product of Square Toiletries Ltd. It kills 99. 99% germs on our hands without using any water keeps us safe. We can easily carry it anywhere from home to abroad. In our country, there is no perfect substitute of this product. So this product should have been much more demand. But in reality many of us even don’t know about the existence of it. For this reason we have selected this product for developing our marketing plan. At first, we have analyzed its current marketing situation and then we have found out the reasons of its having less demand i. e. , high price, targeted toward only one group, less advertisement and promotional activities, less attractive container, no augmented product. We have done a SWOT analysis on this product and then have prepared our objectives and issues. And then, according to the need of our country, we have developed some marketing strategies i. e. market segmentation, target market, market positioning, product strategy, pricing strategy, distribution strategy, marketing communication strategy, marketing research, marketing organization, by adopting which we can increase the demand of this product. Chapter #1: INTRODUCTION OF THE REPORT ORIGIN OF THE REPORT This report is prepared as a fulfillment of partial requirement of the course â€Å"Principles of Marketing† . This report is assi gned by our course tutor Ms. Nausheen Rahman as a term paper to be submitted on 25th May, 2013. OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT The main purpose of report is to focus on the marketing plan for a existing product facing less demand. This report will enhance our skill and broaden our area of knowledge about the interesting world of marketing. Marketing plan is such type of task that is based more on projections and creativity and it involves lot of effort to be successful. By making this report we will be able to reach to the in-depth of marketing plan that will help to identify our lacking and this will be helpful for our future career. The marketing plan is being made as the requirement of making this report. METHODOLOGIES OF THE REPORT We have made a working plan, then have made a discussion with all of our group members and our course teacher, made a list of task. Information for the report has been obtained both from primary and secondary sources. LIMITATIONS OF THE REPORT At the time of preparing this report we have faced some limitations such as difficulties in collecting information about the product. We have mainly relied on data collected from websites. Chapter #2: INTROUCTION OF THE COMPANY AND THE PRODUCT SQUARE TOILETRIES LIMITED Square Toiletries Limited (STL) is the leading Bangladeshi manufacturer of toiletries and cosmetics products operating with over 50 international quality products. STL manufactures and markets a wide array of consumer toiletries products. Currently STL, an ISO 9001:200 certified company, is operating with the trust of Bangladeshi consumers with 18 famous brands. It satisfies the needs of domestic international consumers through innovative quality products services using latest technology and by highly motivated skilled employees. General Information about Square Toiletries Ltd Year of Establishment  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1988 * Incorporated as Pvt. Ltd. Company  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   28th April, 1994 * Awarded ISO 9001:2000 Certificate  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1998 SEPNIL INSTANT HAND SANI TIZER Sepnil is a brand of Square Toiletries Ltd. This brand has two products. One is liquid hand wash and another is hand sanitizer. Our selected product is Sepnil Instant Hand sanitizer. It was introduced by Square Toiletries Ltd. in 2011 Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer meets personal healing and cleansing needs. Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer ascertains and removes 99. 9% germs. Components: Ethanol Carbomer Glycerin Polyethylene Glycol TEA Aqua Perfume It is a gel type hand sanitizer. There are two different sizes are available now in the market. They are:- 40 ml priced @ tk. 80 150 ml priced @ tk. 200 Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is ideal to kill 99. 99% of the germs instantly that exists in the hands. Sepnil is unique in its proposition that the dual function of cleaning invisible micro-organisms and healing cuts and grazes makes Sepnil the most effective cleansing agent by far. When people are out of the home or on the travel they dont have the easy access to water. They search out for easy solution. The convenient form of this product can ensure protection on the go. It is rinse free and ideal for the family use. Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer can be used while we are out on a picnic or shopping at malls or travelling or driving. It also turns out handy after using public utilities or restrooms, interacting with patients, playing with pets etc. Besides eliminating germs in seconds on the hands, it can also moisturize our skin thus leaving hands soft and refreshed. Just by pouring a few drops in hand and rubbing hands together we can get Sepnils trusted protection. WHY HAVE WE SELECTED SEPNIL INSTANT HAND SANITIZER FOR DEVELOPING OUR MARKETING PLAN? From the above introduction of the Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer we see that this product is of very useul to us. Besides, no other company in Bangladesh has launched such type of product. Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is only one brand for hand sanitizer in our country now. So it itself is the industry for hand sanitizer in our country. So based on this two criteria this product should have been much more demand and it should be well-going in the market. But in reality many of us even do not know about its existence. That is the reason why we have selected Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer for developing our marketing plan. In the next chapter of our report we have found out the reasons which are acting behind Sepnil Instant Hand sanitizer’s not having expeccted position in the market by analysing its current marketing situation. And then we have suggested marketing strategies by adopting which Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer can be positioned in consumers’ mind in a way that will build a profitable customer relationship. Chapter #3: MARKETING PLAN ON SEPNINIL INSTANT HAND SANITIZER CURRENT MAKETING SITUATION Industry Analysis Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is the only brand in this sector. Square Toiletries Ltd is the sole producer of this product and there exist no other competitors of it in Bangladesh. So, there is no rivalry from existing firms. The factor power of buyer is less influential as there no negotiation scope for buyer for it being a toiletries product. Product Life Cycle Sepnil Hand Sanitizer is a new product. The company launched this product a few yars ago. So, the product is still staying in its introducing stage. So, the company is getting poor profit from this product sales. As the pproduct has great marketing potentiality, we can hope that it will reach its growth stage rapidly by following proper marketing strategy. Figure:-Position of Sepnil Hand Sanitizer in product lie cycle Market Size and Growth After introducing the product the brand cannot attract a large market share. So, at recent its market size is small. Its sale is increasing but at a slower rate, its growth rate is also very less. Users The current users of Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer are mainly professionals,students,medical users. Review of Competitor As there is no other hand sanitizer proucing company in Bangladesh. So, there is no need to analyse marketing strategy and of competiting products. Review of Distribution Sepnil hand sanitizer is currently distributed through a network of superstore, non-store retailers, pharmacy in the market. These channels are: Superstores: Sepnil hand sanitizer is currently being found in different super stores like Shwapno, Agora, Almas etc. Pharmacy: Sepnil hand sanitizer is found in different pharmacy. Online Retailers: Online retailers like easybazar. com, torkari. com, cellbazar. com carry sepnil hand sanitizer. Communication Strategy Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer Corporate Campaign Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is ideal to kill 99. 99% of the germs instantly that exists in the hands. When people especially corporate people are out of the home or on the travel they dont have the easy access to water. They search out for easy solution that goes with their life style. Following this requirement Sepnil instant hand sanitizer has been promoted among the different prominent corporate houses such as SCB, HSBC, BRAC Bank, City Cell, and Airtel etc. Under this activation around 2000 corporate executives had opportunity to use test the product before having foods. Beside free product experiences, they have been offered to buy the product at a promotional rate while leaflets enriched with hand hygiene information were also provided. POSITION OF SEPNIL INSTANT HAND SANITIZER BCG Matrix Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is the brand that is in question mark position now in BCG Matrix and requires much closer consideration. It holds low market share in fast growing markets consuming large amount of cash. It has potential to gain market share and become a star, which would later become cash cow. Question marks do not always succeed and even after large amount of investments they struggle to gain market share and eventually become dogs. Therefore, they require very close consideration to decide if they are worth investing in or not. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis is an analysis of an organizations strength, weakness, opportunities and trends. A company must indentify its strength, weakness, opportunities, threats. The SEPNIL HAND SENITIZER has several powerful strengths on which to built, but there major weakness is lack of brand awareness and image. The major opportunity is an increase in need for hand sanitizer in the personal care market. They also face the threat of intense competition downward pressure on pricing and also slow market growth. The following table summarizes the main strength weakness, opportunities and threats facing by SEPNIL HAND SANITIZER. STRENGTHS * Strong brand image * Innovative product * Ease of availability * Recommended by doctors * Niche marketing| WEAKNESS * Lack of brand awareness image * Limited brand recall * Not reached in the rural area * Initial high price| OPPORTUNITIES * Introducing a sanitizer for economy class * An increase in need for hand sanitizer * Possibility of capturing personal care market| THREATS * Intense competition * Slow market growth * Downward pressure on pricing | Strengths Strengths are any activities which an organization does well or any unique resources that it has. Thus strengths are internal capabilities that can help the company reach its objectives . Sepnil hand sanitizer can build on the following strengths: 1. Strong brand image: As we know sepnil hand sanitizer is a product of Sqare Toiletries Ltd. which gives the product a powerful brand image. 2. Innovative product: Sepnil hand sanitizer does not require water to use along with it. It is also portable to carry. This innovative feature gives the user the opportunities to use it instantly when needed in any place. 3. Proper distribution channel brand presence: The hand sanitizer is distributed through a established channel so that consumers for whom it is in the market can get the product with less effort. 4. Advertising visibility: When it was introduced in the market initially it was advertised heavily to inform the potential buyer. The buyer can see touch use the product before buying. Also they can read out the ingredient on the labeling of the product when buying the product. 5. Ease of availability: The sepnil hand sanitizer can be collected from any nearby dispensary shop. Also it can be found in the convenience grocery shop. 6. Potential large target market: When the company planned to launch a product like hand sanitizer , it assumed a highly potential market as it is a necessary product for a healthy life for all type of buyers. 7. Reccomended by doctors: Nowadays doctors also recommend advise their patient their families to use such instant cleaning product before eating ,feeding ,cooking ,after returning home from outside, after handshake, in the workplace, school. So we can easily observe the necessity of hand sanitizer in our daily life. Today’s polluted environment also calls us for using such a product. It prevents flu , dangerous infection , cold , others disease. . Niche marketing: Niche marketing is a market coverage strategy which a firm goes after a large share of a small market. As hand sanitizer market has not developed in our country, sepnil aims at serving a small segment of personal care market but capturing the large share of that market. Weakness Weakness are the internal elements that may interfere with the company’s ability to reach its objectives . so any activities an organization does not do well or resources it needs but does not possess . every concern has some weakness . Sepnil has learned from others success mistakes of others. Nonetheless, sepnil has the following weakness: 1. Lack of awareness: Many people still don’t have any idea about its need, function, importance . The product is not so demanded as it should be. 2. Initial high price: Sepnil hand sanitizer was very costly given the average purchasing capacity of the people of our country. Eventually, now it costs 80 taka to buy a 40 ml. sepnil hand sanitizer which is almost double than other hand sanitizers available in the market. 3. Limited brand recall : One of the weaknesses of sepnil hand sanitizer is its limited brand recall compared to few others brands. 4. Massive expenditure for promotional activities: When a product has incurred much expense to promote itself, it is likely that the profit earned by the product will be lower in the first several years to cover the excess expense. This is an indicator of weakness. 5. Not reached in the rural area: Still in the rural undeveloped area people are not fully aware of such product like this which can be used instantly when in need of cleaning hands. Opportunities: Opportunities are external elements that the company may be able to exploit to its advantage. Thus , opportunities are positive trends in external environment factors. These can be stated as follows: 1. An increased need for hand sanitizer : Day by day people are becoming conscious about their healthy living and health protection. They are realizing that prevention is better than cure. So they want product like hand sanitizer to keep them healthy disease-free. 2. Making available as sanitizer vending machines at air port food points: If the company can introduce the sanitizer vending machine in the airport ,market, food corner then it will be heavily useful beneficial for consumers. 3. Introducing a sanitizer for economy class: If the company can introduce the sanitizer of economy pack or reduce its price to lower then consumer will buy the product more than before. 4. Possibility of capturing personal market: If the company can create more awareness among the people about the necessity of hand sanitizer through more promotional activities then it can capture more share of personal market building more concern buyer. Threats Threats are current emerging external elements that may possibly challenge the company’s performance . So they can be defined negative trends in external environmental factors. Some of the negative trends for sepnil hand sanitizer are discussed bellow 1. Intense competition: The product operates in a highly competitive business environment faces intense competition from growing number of competitors, many of which have strong brand equity like dettole, lifebuoy, purel , safetec, CVs pharmacy, germ X. 2. Substitute such as handwash , soaps: It can be substitute for handwashes , soaps for cleaning hands which can reduce its market share. 3 . Slow market growth: After introduction in the market ,its growth is not satisfactory. 4. Downward pressure on pricing: Increased competition market share strategies are pushing sepnil hand sanitizer’s price down. . Reasons of having less demand High price: Sepnil hand sanitizers’ price is relatively high. So buyers are not much interested in buying this product. Targeted toward only one group: This product is targeted toward only professionals. Less advertisement promotional activities: Much advertisement and promotional activities have not been done for this product. So still this product is unfamiliar to a lot of people. Less attractive container: At present sepnil hand sanitizer is only found in only jar which is not much attractive. It is not found in pouch pack. Less conscious about health: Many people have little knowledge about health related matter or they are illiterate. No augmented product: For this product, there is no augmented service; such as after sale service, installation service, warranty service or any telephone number when customers face any problem after using it. Non-availability: Even some people want to buy it, they can’t as it is available in only some places - Top of Form Bottom of Form MARKETING STRATEGIES How to reach a product to the final consumers is depended on some factors. Company must go through some stages to * Develop the existing product * Make the product known to consumers * Make the product more preferred than that of competitors. Marketing strategy containing some strategies provides development plan for the existing product of a company. Here marketing strategy for Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer also does the same. Market Segmentation Sepnil’s market consists of consumers and business users who need to be healthy, fresh, well and continue their work swiftly. Specific segments being targeted until this time include professionals ,medical users, entrepreneurs. The following table shows the needs of consumer segments. Targeted Segment| Customer Need| Corresponding Feature/Benefit| Professionals| 1. Easy to carry on. 2. To get all benefits in one swiftly. | 1. Its packets can easily be carried on. 2. Without using water,it can wash hands. | Students| 1. To take meal within few minutes. 2. To keep fresh,healthy,germ free. | 1. It washes hands within few seconds. 2. It destroys 99. 9% germs of our hands. | Housewives| 1. To get easy solution for germ free hands during daily works. 2. To keep her family healthy. | 1. It works within few seconds without water. 2. It destroys 99. 9% germs. Medical Users| 1. To keep germfree doctors patients. | 1. It destroys 99. 9% germs instantly. | Target Market Our targets are the students professionals who stay on the move from home to abroad carry those things which they need mostly convenient to carry. This segment consists of more than 6 billion people. To reach sepnil to that segment, we have developed marketing plan. Positioning Strategy A positioning built on meaningful differences, supported by appropriate strategy implementation, can help the company build competitive advantage. Here we selected a positioning strategy based on possible value proposition. Same For Less This can be a powerful value proposition. The price of Sepnil is Tk. 80. 00( 40 ml) and Tk. 200. 00(150ml). So we can sell Sepnil with the same benefit at a lower price such as: Tk. 70. 00 for Sepnil(40ml) and Tk. 180. 00( ml) . Using less price for same quality positioning, we can make a strong positioning for Sepnil. Developing A Positioning Statement Positioning statement summarizes company or brand positioning. Positioning statement for Sepnil hand sanitizer is, â€Å"To students professionals who need to stay busy from home to abroad, Sepnil Hand Sanitizer is the disinfectant that keeps your hands purified and hygienic with lowery smell without using water. † With this positioning statement, whole positioning is summed up. This also provides every information about the product. It takes this form: To(target segment need) : students professionals who need to stay busy from home to abroad Our(product) : Sepnil Hand Sanitizer Is(concept) : the disinfectant T hat (point-of-difference) : that keeps your hands purified and hygienic with flowery smell without using water Product Strategy Under this section, product form is described. Here we have to think about Sepnil in three levels: Figure: Three levels of product Core Benefit The most basic level of Sepnil which addresses â€Å"what is the buyer really buying? † The problem solving benefit of Sepnil is, * it disinfect users hand without any water leaves it clean hygienic * easy to carry, * can be used anywhere, anytime. Actual Product * Brand Name Sepnil name is already established for its hand wash. Furthermore, it is a brand of Square Toiletries Limited. * Quality We will improve its quality by producing non-alcoholic version by using less ethanol As a result there will be no risk for fire accident as the sanitizer will be non-flammable. In addition the Muslims will use it undoubtedly. * Feature Sepnil Hand Sanitizer is now available only in gel type. We will introduce dierent versions like the followings, * liquid * cream * lotion * spray foam We will add different cent and perfume to it like * aloe * rose We will add vitamin E to it so that it can provide more moisture. * Design and Packaging We will bring the new versions in newly designed and packaged container so that it can easily attract users. For example, spray pen (we can carry it always in our bag. We bet you didn’t know that the keyboard people use each day at office is teeming with bacteria. Tests show that it’s five times dirtier than your toilet seat. By carrying Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer in your bag to office and steer clear of germs and bacteria) * travel size bottle * container designed for children * wipe pack Container for children Wipe pack Spray pen Travel size bottle Augmented Product We will provide consumer benefits and services in the following ways Delivery service We will provide home delivery services through the online retail shops like, * cellbazar. com * easybaza. com * torkari. com * Free Installation Services We will provide free installation services for sepnil instant hand sani tizer machines in corporate offices. In these machines there is no need to touch. We will just place our hand in the fixed place of the machine and then sanitizer will be dropped from the machine. Figures: Machines * After Sale Service and Promotion * We will provide toll free services if users ace any problems after using it. We will give reward I anybody can prove that it can’t kill 99. 99% germs of hands Pricing Strategy Pricing strategies for products or services encompass three main ways to improve profits. These are that the business owner can cut costs or sell more, or find more profit with a better pricing strategy. When costs are already at their lowest and sales are hard to find, adopting a better pricing strategy is a key option to stay viable. To develop a pricing strategy, the first step is to gather data: * Competitor prices and pricing strategies * Customer perception of products and services Customer benefits of products and services * Cost of producing, procu ring, or generating products and services (variable costs) * Fixed business costs (overhead) Then we have to choose proper pricing strategy. Here we cannot change sepnil’s basic price, but can adjust the price using the following strategies, Discount * Cash discount: If consumers buy 2 units of 200 ml hand sanitizer at a time they will get 5 % off. * Quantity discount: If customers purchase in bulk i. e. , at least 250 units they will be provided 8 more units free. Promotional Pricing * With one unit of 300 ml , 1 unit of 20 ml free Product Form Pricing Here different versions of product are priced differently. We can introduce a smaller form of Sepnil sanitizer like 60ml, at a cheaper price. That will provide a convenient package of Sepnil to all the segments. Product Line Pricing Under this approach, price is based on cost differences between the products, customer evaluations of different features competitors’ prices. Introducing new lotion, liquid, spray, cream versions, we can charge different prices for different versions. Customers will have choices to choose among different forms. Premium or Prestige Pricing This pricing is done or some premium and high quality version. Our justification for this pricing will be opinion leaders’ (doctor) influence on target market on the purchase of our product as a scientific and medicated recommendation. Psychological Pricing Under this approach customer will respond to an emotional rather than rational basis. For example, price point perspective (PPP) tk. 99 instead of tk. 100 for 60 ml. Product Bundle Pricing Here combined several versions are priced in the same package, such as 150 ml is solely priced at tk. 200 and 40 ml. at tk. 80. But if consumers buy these combindly they will be priced at tk. 250. 1. {fn:zchtpricesegment. jpg,id:wt8v_pDkQgE-xM:,is:500 \u0026#215; 271,isu:yorku. ca,ity:jpg,msm: ,msu:/search? q=segmented+pricing\u0026sa=X\u0026rlz=1W1ADFA_enBD485\u0026biw=1024\u0026bih=590\u0026tbm=isch\u0026tbs=simg:CAQSEgnC3y_1-kORCASHroXt8Cqbhfw,s:\u003Cb\u003ESegmented Pricing\u003C/b\u003E,sc:1,si:/search? q=segmented+pricing\u0026sa=X\u0026rlz=1W1ADFA_enBD485\u0026biw=1024\u0026bih=590\u0026tbm=isch\u0026tbs=simg:CAESEgnC3y_1-kORCASHroXt8Cqbhfw,sm: ,th:165,tu:http://t3. gstatic. om/images? q=tbn:ANd9GcTda9hevyEJsiosewH81tdvNN60mPWsSbwSnZgvofXGhPaZT61pMA,tw:305} Distribution Strategy Strategic distribution is a competitive advantage that accrues generally from the configuration of a distribution network (who, what, where, when) and, more specifically, from the selection of partners (i. e. middlemen) who intermediate between the company and by decisions on the number and type of customer interfaces. That is, order entry points (where and how orders are placed) and fulfillment nodes (where and how customers obtain finished goods). Figure: Distribution Strategy of Sepnil Hand Sanitizer We can reach Sepnil using the ollowing distribution channels: Direct/Internet:  Selling through our own e-commerce website. That means www. squaretoiletriesltd. com. Direct/Sales Team:  One or more sales teams that we can employ directly. We may use multiple teams that specialize in different products or customer segments. Direct/Catalog:  Selling through our own catalog. Retail:  Retailers can sell Sepnil directly to end-users via a physical store, a website or a catalog. Wholesaler/Distributor: Wholesalers that buy products in bulk from us and then resells smaller volumes to resellers or retailers can be very good supplier of Sepnil. Value-Added Reseller (VAR):  A VAR works with end-users to provide customers’ solutions that may include Sepnil can supply it to the customers. Consultant:  A consultant develops relationships with companies and provides various types of services; they may recommend Sepnil or simply purchase it to deliver a solution to their client. Dealer:  A company or person who buys inventory from either a manufacturer or a distributor, then resells it to an end-user can easily supply Sepnil. Sales Agent/Manufacturer’s Rep:  We can outsource our sales function to a company that can sell Sepnil to a group of similar customers in a specific territory. Marketing Communication Strategy Today market has become very competitive. Marketers are beginning to understand that their brands live in the connections and that they must seize the opportunity and create a powerful content strategy to deliver the right message to the right audience in the right place. Today, the new point of difference for our product will come from merging the quest for profit with brand purpose. It is critical to architect an effective integrated marketing communications plan for Sepnil that delivers clear, consistent and compelling messages. We must explore new methods to leverage all elements of the communication mix—including advertising, sales promotion, PR, direct marketing, search, Web and social media—into a single, cohesive, holistic approach. By integrating all messages in all media, we will reinforce the brand name the main points of product differentiation,especially our exclusive voice recognition feature. Figure: Marketing Communication Strategy Advertising This is the mass media method of marketing communication and provides exposure to the largest, most geographically dispersed audience at the lowest cost per head. That being said, advertising costs can add up quickly with mediums like television, radio and even online advertising which can be prohibitively expensive for many businesses. Other traditional forms of paid advertising include newspapers and magazines, the Yellow Pages, billboards, signs and posters. As well, advertising on buses, benches, gas pumps and even public restrooms is in vogue today. Basically, any medium which provides an opportunity to target eyes and/or ears can be a venue for advertising we can use them to advertise Sepnil. Sales Promotion This is the last traditional component of the marketing communication mix that is discussed here as part of the marketing communication process. Sales promotion simply refers to purchase incentives that we provide our customer with. These can assume a number of forms including offering free goods or services, coupons and vouchers, gifts and prizes, discounts, samples, financial incentives, charitable promotions and any other value-add over and above our standard product or services. Here we can provide Sepnil at a discount, can supply them to doctors, surgeons some other professionals as a gift. That will create a relationship with them through them with others. Direct Marketing This marketing communication competency enables companies to reach out directly to consumers without intermediary channels such as those required for advertising. This component of the marketing communication process includes direct mail, catalogs, coupons and inserts, telemarketing, online marketing and television infomercials. Done correctly, Direct Marketing is extremely effective in the long run and allows for a targeted marketing approach to specific consumers to create valuable lasting relationships. We also can marketing Sepnil directly. We can contact with our target market direct mail, telemarketing, online marketing etc. reach the product to them. Public Relations This refers to how we handle our relationships and the flow of information with our various publics or the people who have a stake in or are affected by our business. This includes the general public, consumers, shareholders, employees, partners, competitors and the government. We have to provide sufficient information about Sepnil with our target market other stakeholders. We also have to reintroduce the product with a new idea that will make sure about the quality of the product. Personal Selling This is the most dreaded as well as the most expensive of all methods in the marketing communication process. It can be one of the most rewarding aspects of the marketing process, both personally and professionally. Just as with traditional marketing, successful selling begins and ends with the customer. The whole objective is to ascertain needs and create the best solution for customers. Along the way we build relationships and continue to gather information about how we can better serve customers which is our reason for being in business in the first place. Marketing Research Using research, we can identify the specific features benefits that our target market segments value. For this, we must go through two steps: * Make a focus group discussion on the market * Develop new ideas about the product. Focus Group Discussion A focus group is a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs, and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging. Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group members. Here we also have conducted a research on some students who already have used Sepnil hand sanitizer. Figure: Focus Group Discussion ACTION PROGRAM We will carry out our marketing strategy through a variety of scheduled programs: * June: In this month, we can arrange a fair called â€Å"SQUARE TOILETRIES FAIR† comprising all products of SQURE TOILETRIES. By that way, when customers will come to see all products, this unfamiliar product, SEPNIL HAND SANITIZER, shall be noticed by them. Then they will be curious about the product, they use that firstly will be influenced by its smell. Then buy that. * July:  In this month,  National Tree Plantation Campaign, 13  will be sponsored by  Sepnil brand to create the social publicity among people. By using the name of  Sepnil Sanitizer  100,000 tree plants will be distributed to people to make them aware about importance of tree in our life. Mr. Amirul Alom will manage the project at planned budget of Tk. 1. 5  million and it will continue to the end of the  August. * August:  As this is the sacred month of Eid- Ul –Fitar ,the greatest religious festival of Muslims, reward packages will be announced for the distributors and retailers . Different types of gift items with the logo of  Sepnil Sanitizer, like: T-shirts, calendar, hand watch, umbrella, key ring, souvenir etc will be given to them to implement the marketing strategy successfully. This process will be motivating. Mr. Bapon Kumar Roy will be responsible for these activities at a planned cost of Tk. 1. 8  million. * September:  Free advising campaign against germ will be held by Sepnil Sanitizer. The campaign will be directed in large super stores and shopping malls of Dhaka, Chittagong, Rajshahi. Free product distribution campaign will be held in every renown shopping malls of Dhaka, Chittagong and Rajshahi and at every well known school and colleges. Figures: Pictures that will be shown at campaign against germ BUDGET Budget is the plan of an organization which is expressed numerically. Budgets serve two main purposes. One is to project profitability and the other is to help managers plan for expenditures, scheduling, and operations related to each action program. We would make a budget on the quarterly basis. Total first-quarter sales revenue for Sepnil Hand Sanitizer is projected at 2. 0 million, with an average wholesale price of 80 taka per unit and variable cost for per unit of 30 taka for unit sales volume of 30000. We anticipate a loss up to 1 million with a total cost of 3. 40 million taka. Break-even calculation indicates that Sepnil will be profitable if it exceeds the sales volume of 50000 early in the product’s next quarter. Our break-even analysis of Sepn il Hand Sanitizer assumes per unit wholesale revenue of 50 per unit, variable cost of 30 per unit, and estimated 1st quarter fixed cost of 2. 5 million. Based on these assumptions, the break-even calculation is: Break-even volume = 250000080 -30 = 50000 units CONTROL We have shown the marketing strategies and plans to increase the market sales as well as profit. We hope that by following those strategies the company can have the leading market position in the market. But achieving the market position is not enough, they also have to retain that position. And for that, they have to follow some specific controlling strategies. They can be as follows- Customer related controls: * They must survey the customers and know their attitudes about the product. * Helping the customers by providing after sales services. Informing the customers about the new version of their products, and their latest services. * And for that purpose they must keep their e-mail or other social networking ids. * They must give instruction about how to use that product and cautions while selling. * Listening their complaints and taking attempts to solve them. * Asking them what extra features they want in the product. Dist ribution related controls: * They must train the suppliers well so that they can serve the customer more efficiently. * They must be aware of the behavior of the suppliers with the customers. Chapter #4: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION In this report we have developed a sample marketing plan or Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer. Sepnil Instant Hand Sanitizer is a disinfectant product of Square Toiletries Ltd. At first, we have analyzed its current marketing situation and then we have found out the reasons of its having less demand i. e. , high price, targeted toward only one group, less advertisement and promotional activities, less attractive container, no augmented product. We have done a SWOT analysis on this product and then have prepared our objectives and issues. And then, according to the need of our country, we have developed some marketing strategies i. e. , market segmentation, target market, market positioning, product strategy, pricing strategy, distribution strategy, marketing communication strategy, marketing research, marketing organization, by adopting which we can increase the demand of this product. Chapter #5: BIBLIOGRPHY Book * Principles of Marketing by Philip Kotler Gary Armsrong Websites * www. squaretoiletries. com * www. wekipedia. com * www. assignmentpoint. com * www. scribd. com * www. slideshare. com

Magellan essays

Magellan essays In Sabrosa Portugal, Spring of 1480 a great man was born. His name was Ferdinand Magellan. Magellan was the son of a nobleman. His mothers name was Alda Magalhaes. He also had a sister Isabel Magalhaes and a brother Diogo Magalhaes. As a boy he served as a page to the Portuguese Queen. He joined the army as a young man and spent 7 years as a soldier in India and the East Indies. Magellan was also married to Betriz Barbosa and had a son Rodrigo Barbosa, before he attempted the following. Some time in 1519, when Magellan was about 39 years old he decided to try to sail around the world. He first asked the king of Portugal who had doubts but told him he was free to offer his services elsewhere. So Magellan asked the King and Queen of Spain who was King Charles 1st and the Queen. Impressed by his proposal they agreed to sponsor his trip. They gave Magellan five ships. The Trinidad, San Antonio, Conception, Victoria, and the Santiago along with 270 men. They left Spain on September 20, 1519 and set out across the Atlantic and then turned south along the coast of South America. As they continued south the weather grew more stormier and bitter. And tempers of crew members got worse. Magellan had to execute one captain. They had to spend the winter on the coast near the tip of South America repairing boats. They set sail again in the spring. Magellan found what he was looking for, a strait. Which is now named after him, The Magellan Strait. Before sailing through it the crew stocked up on dried fish and smoked game. Then headed through the strait and into what he named the Pacific Ocean. After four and a half months, sailors almost dead, they finally reached inlands in which they called the Philippines. Magellan converted a chief to Catholic faith. Magellan became involved in a local war. Trying to show how strong Spain was , Magellan was killed by Mactan Ruler, Lapu Lapu, on April 27, 1...

Significant Historical Event that Occurred Between 1945 and 2008 Essay

Significant Historical Event that Occurred Between 1945 and 2008 - Essay Example That the event continues to be memorable is also indicated in the work of Persbacher (2005). According to Persbacher (2005), the events of 9/11 are even in the consciousness of the religious who made the event as a point for personal and theological reflections. Five years after 9/11, Persbacher (2005, p. 96) noted that religious groups reflected on the event and expressed that â€Å"religious faith affects reactions to horrific events† and that â€Å"horrific events affect religious faith† as well. Some of the more important events immediately after 9/11 had been recorded by the Migration Policy Institute. On 17 September 2001, the Immigration and Naturalization Service increased from 24 to 48 hours the length of time a non-citizen can be detained without charges (Migration Policy Institute, 2003). On 19 September 2011, Attorney General John Ascroft presented to President George Bush the administration’s proposed anti-terrorist measures (Migration Policy Institu te, 2003). At least 480 persons were arrested by the end of September 2011 for various charges related to the 9/11 bombings and the figure increased to 1,000 around October (Migration Policy Institute, 2003). On 1 October 2011, President George W. ... 2). On 31 October 2001, US Attorney General Asroft recommended to the US Secretary of State 46 groups for inclusion in the list of â€Å"terrorist organizations† under the provisions of the US Patriot Act (Migration Policy Institute, 2003, p. 3). Indeed, from these alone, it is easy to conclude that 9/11 directly and significantly affected American lives. Along the way, we also discuss how 9/11 affected the lives of all people in the world today. Versions and Interpretation of 9/11 Tamney’s (2004, p. 599) documentation of the 9/11 are as follows. On 21 September 2001, men inspired by Islamic convictions â€Å"hijacked four passenger planes flying over the United States.† Tamney (2004, p. 599) continued that â€Å"three of the four planes were crashed into the Pentagon in Washington D.C. and the twin towers of the World Trade Organization in New York City.† According to Tamney (2004, p. 599), â€Å"at least three thousand people died as a result of these a ttacks.† Tamney (2004, p. 599) pointed out that soon after, Journalist Oriana Fallaci published The Rage and the Pride in which â€Å"she argued that the terrorist attacks expressed the essence of Islam, that most Muslims were happy about the attack, and that Muslims are out to destroy the West.† According to Tamney (2003), Fallaci’s book became a bestseller in Italy and France and was soon published in the United States in 2002. Many believe that the terrorist attack on 11 September 2011 was successful because the attack has been a surprised. However, Dahl (2008, p. 19) consider this as a conventional wisdom that must challenged: more often investigations showed that the â€Å"warnings have been available but were either misunderstood or ignored.† According to

Lab experiment - microwave assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Lab experiment - microwave assignment - Essay Example The source of the signal that the system uses is termed as the Gunn Oscillator, which is at a signal of 10.5 GHz. the maximum output power that is recommended for the frequency ranges between 20 Mw to 10 Mw, and the recommended range may vary from time to time in different Gunn Oscillators. The output power may as well be varied by varying the voltage supplied that is received by the Gunn Oscillator via the unit cable attached to it (Campanella 2010). The devise consists of an adjuster, which helps to regulate the level of the power at the microwave point of input and in making of the measurements of the attenuator. This assignment makes use of the side-vane attenuator that uses the fiberglasses that are plastic in nature having resistive coatings in order to achieve the required attenuation. The fiberglasses are erected vertically with respect to the wave-guide and to the short walls in a parallel manner. The position of the blades on the wave-guide dictates the resulting attenuation of the whole system. Each attenuator is calibrated separately due to differences in the attenuation characteristics. Wave-guide support is a system component that acts as a stand and helps in the system stability. The system supports are in parts, one of the supports is the system base while the other is the plastic piece that is attached to the rod end. Wave-guides can be connected to the support by placing it gently onto the plastic piece of the system located on the rod top. The height of the system support is adjustable with the help of setscrews located on the base of the system. For the sake of this assignment, cross-guide couplers were used which consist of two- waveguides that are joined to one another at an angle of 90 degrees. Signals of the microwave that propagates from waveguide couples with microwave signals and finally dictates the coupled signal propagation. Two openings are recommended on the walls. These openings should be

Reflection on Teaching Statistical Research Methods

Reflection on Teaching Statistical Research Methods I began teaching almost fifteen years ago, while in medical school. It was then that I discovered my love for teaching and its potential to transform the lives of both students and teachers. These two aspects have become the driving forces of my teaching. My teaching philosophy rests on four elements. First, I set challenging goals for both students and myself. Second, I believe in the effectiveness of action-oriented and participatory learning. Third, I value diversity in and outside of the classroom. Finally, I view teaching as complementary to research. My preferred teaching areas (biostatistics, epidemiology and social determinant of health) are closely related to choice of my research area. This will allows me to bring examples from my own research and service into the classroom, as well as to further my own thinking through classrooms discussions. Teaching research methods and methods of statistical analysis often provides a unique opportunity to motivate and empower students, as many are often skeptical about their abilities in these areas. Because students learn in a variety of different ways, I use a variety of methods in my classes to help ensure that one method will clarify concepts when others do not. By being flexible in my approach to teaching quantitative methods, I am able to help build the self-confidence of those who need it, and to communicate the principles of sound research methodology and statistical analysis to all students. Flexibility alone, however, is not sufficient. I also believe that it is important to demonstrate my own passion for the subjects I am teaching, not only to build my credibility as a teacher and mentor, but also to inspire students to develop skills and aspirations of their own in quantitative areas in which they may not have been interested previously. My overarching concern when teaching courses on research methodology and methods of statistical analysis is that students develop an ability to think critically and logically when evaluating statistical information that is presented in research, as well as in their everyday lives. Although not every student can be expected to develop an interest in quantitative methods per se, I believe that they all need to be able to evaluate whether stated conclusions are supported by the available data and analytic results. This helps to create informed consumers of research and provides students with a skill set the can apply to their future careers. My teaching plans include developing interactive and audiovisual teaching materials. I will also use various tools, both technological and pedagogical, that will effectively reinforce the teaching materials. I make use of a variety of instructional methods, including traditional lecture, technological tools, group work, and individual practice. I also vary my methods according to course content and student preferences. I will also like to take advantage of the internet, especially in terms of using some great applets that are available on the web for class demonstrations. I believe that one should employ whatever tools that will most effectively accomplish the job of teaching students so that they retain the main ideas long after they have forgotten who taught them. I believe that epidemiology and medical statistics courses should be tailored to the needs of the students, with a balance of theory and application that is appropriate to the audience. Graduate students need a good under standing of both the theory and application of statistical methods. It is important for all students to see the connections: the connections between theory and practice, the connections between raw data and inferences, and the connections between different types of statistical methodologies. I also think that students need to practice with the connections between raw data and inferences. By this I mean that students need hands-on experience not only with data analysis, but also with explaining the results of their analyses clearly and concisely in writing. It is important that they are not just able to do a regression analysis, for example, but to also understand the usefulness and limitations of their analysis. On a practical note, I will like to supplement my lectures with numerous example data analyses, using real data whenever possible, and base my homework assignments on realistic problems. I also like to give homework assignments that involve writing a brief report to summarize a statistical analysis, or a critique of a published analysis, as well as individual or group projects and presentations. I also think students should be exposed to the practice of statistics through critical appraisal of journal articles using standard and validated tools. In and out of the classroom, I strive to present material to students in a clear, logical and interesting manner. I work hard to provide examples from empirical research, and to connect the course materials to the areas in which they are interested. To create a dynamic classroom experience for everyone, I encourage students to express themselves through class discussion and to apply course concepts to their own experiences. And, to ensure students know they make a difference in my courses, I always try to have them complete an informal mid-semester evaluation of the course and my teaching. This allows me to make positive changes during the semester and to make sure each course is successful. I would like my students to see me as an accessible, supportive person who respects them as individuals and is interested in their intellectual and personal development. I will strive to communicate to them the excitement that is gaining new knowledge from day to day. Often it is the interaction between teacher and students that nurtures the motivation and enthusiasm for science.

High-Tech Education

Using high technology methods in the process of education is a serious matter that a lot of people argue about it, some agree and the others disagree with it. Although it provides the education with a lot of futures that makes it better than the past. It also has some disadvantages that reflect on this process. But they think that old methods that were applied in the classrooms have more benefits than that high tech ones. And some people also consider that these new technology may change the role of both student and teacher to be unlike as usual. One of its disadvantages according to the author's opinion is that it may also distract students and fragment their attention†¦. â€Å"Why am I against using technology in the classroom? Why do I ban laptops in my classroom?. This article by David Cole, a professor of Law at Georgetown University. Was published on 23 of October, 2008,In the Washington Post. The main claims that the author thinking about it may be summarized in some specific points like that he considers that by using these high tech methods in education like internet, laptops and blue ray DVD Players might actually hinder the education not making it better because they make both students and teachers or doctors passive. The author hopes that if classrooms are restored to the Pre-Internet days of wooden tables and chalk. This means taking technology out of the class room and back to â€Å"TEACHING NAKED†. By flying to the purpose of his we can mention that he totally disagrees with this new education system and he agrees strongly with the â€Å"TEACHING NAKED†. Without the aid of any machines just because Dr Jose Bowen thinks that if you have a good PowerPoint presentation it does not mean you have a good lecture. Classroom time should be reserved for discussions with professors, aiming at teaching students to think critically, argue, and raise new questions. Then, by analyzing the author's opinion and his point of view, the pre-internet days of wooden tables and chalk are the most suitable and useful way of learning and educating people because this old technique allows educators to think, work, exert efforts and teaching themselves and never forget what they had, always remember it during applying it in their aily life. Unlike the high-tech learning which provides easy way for learning and just reading not sharing at all, so he just receives the information not work or search for it. And the author provided his theory with slight strong evidences and reasons, than can Be summarized in the following explanation as, a survey that found that 59 percent of students called at least half their lectures boring –particularly those involving power point. Then , he thinks that â€Å"note taking on a laptop encourages verbatim transcription and the note taker tends to go into stenographic mode and no longer processes information in a way that is conducive to the give and take of classroom discussion because of taking notes the old fashioned way , by hand , is so much slower , the student actually has to listen , think and prioritize the most important themes . So as he thinks if one's idea of a lecture is a process by which the notes of the

Advantages and Disadvantages of Family Businesses

Family ownership or management of business is predominant in different countries. Family businesses exist in different sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing and services. Many of today’s prominent business firms that provide popular products and services and own respected brands are family businesses. Some businesses also start out as family businesses before shifting to other forms of business organisation. Family businesses are also significant contributors to economic growth. Firms owned or managed by families can be small, medium or large.Regardless of the size and scale of operation, the sheer number of family businesses translates into a diverse range of consumer products as well as employment opportunities and household income. However, like other forms of business organisations, family businesses have advantages and disadvantages that require consideration to support justifications for suitability in the present business environment.Advantages of Family Businesses Family businesses offer a number of advantages. These advantages explain the predominance of family businesses and the increase in firms owned and operated by families.The first advantage is the commitment towards the business that family members exhibit (Leach & Bogod 1999; Longenecker et al. 2006). Firms established and operated by families enjoy the commitment of family members involved in managing the business.There is a strong attachment to the business, as an outcome of direct and personal efforts. There is also the strong motivation to keep the business going. This leads to prudent decision-making over expenditures and investments (Longenecker et al. 2006). The business has high value to family members as a source of family pride and a legacy passed on from one generation to the next (Fleming 2000).The second advantage is flexibility over a wide range of areas, particularly work arrangements and responsiveness to change (Leach & Bogod 1999). Family members managing the busine ss are flexible when it comes to the time and effort they give to their work. As a highly valued venture, the family business becomes a priority to ensure business success (Fleming 2000). Family businesses also exhibit flexibility in responding to changing conditions in the business environment. Direct involvement in operations supports immediate recognition of problems and emerging opportunities (Sonfield & Lussier 2009).Decision-making over solutions or in tapping into opportunities also happens fast to respond to issues and needs. The third advantage is long-term planning fuelled by the goal of sustainability (Leach & Bogod 1999). The intention for family businesses is to continue across different generations (Fleming 2000). This intention influence strategic planning to ensure the stability and sustainability of the business. There is better anticipation and control of risks. Contingency plans are set in place. There is also high reliance on business knowledge and skills acquire d by the family (Lee, 2004).The fourth advantage is the exercise of direct control over the business by family members (Sonfield & Lussier 2009). The management of the business by family members supports speedy decision-making (Leach & Bogod 1999). Direct knowledge of operations provides information needed to support sound decisions. Decision-making can happen on the spot as problems emerge or comprise an expedited process. Moreover, family businesses are able to transmit family values into the corporate culture to ensure that operations align with the goals envisioned by the family (Fleming 2000).The last advantage is the achievement of employee motivation (Leenders & Waarts 2001). One source of employee motivation is the trust (Tagiuri & Davis 1996) emerging in the relationships within the business adopted from the fiduciary relationship among family members. Employees are extended trust to create the perception of value to the business.Another source of employee motivation is goo d channels of communication (Tagiuri & Davis 1996) that create a pleasant work environment. Communication not only eases work but also ensures the necessary support for the conduct of work. Appreciation and recognition are also easily communicated.Disadvantages of Family BusinessesFamily businesses also have disadvantages. Even if family businesses comprise the predominant form of business organisation worldwide, there are also family businesses that fail when the disadvantages overshadow the advantages. The first disadvantage is the rigidity of business structure and culture (Leach & Bogod 1999). Family businesses have the tendency to stick to tradition. While traditional practices may have led to the success of the firm, the changing business environment may require change.The value accorded to traditions and the fear of losing control may work against needed change. The second disadvantage is the impending conflict between family values and business interest (Leach & Bogod 1999) and conflict between personal life and the business (Longenecker et al. 2006). There is an overlap between family and business interests. Conflict emerges in areas when there is deviation between family and business interest such as in decisions to bring in external investors or change business practices. Decision-making can also become emotional when personal considerations intertwine with business (Fleming 2000).The inability to find a point of compromise can result to serious problems. The third disadvantage is the difficulty of continuity or succession (Leenders & Waarts 2001). Succession is a process charged with strong emotions and high stakes (Fleming 2000). Conflicts can arise when there are different family members aiming to become successors. The process requires consideration of competence apart from membership in the family to ensure not only the continuity of the family business but also the sustainability of the business itself (Lee, 2004). Unaddressed emotional issues can lead to the failure of the business.The fourth disadvantage is the threat of leadership crisis (Leach & Bogod 1999). A problem in the allocation of power can emerge when there is reluctance to allocate greater power to one member of the family to facilitate decision-making. There is likely to be preference for equal sharing of power, which can delay decisions during a deadlock (Sonfield & Lussier 2009). Problems with leadership can also relate to succession. There may not be good leaders in the family but there is preference for family members to lead the business (Fleming 2000).The last disadvantage is difficulties in achieving efficiency and profitability because of the preference for equity to the detriment of efficiency (Lee 2004). The placement of unknowledgeable and inexperienced family members in key positions instead of hiring external experts to take charge, while the family member gains experience, can lead to irrational or rash decisions that affect the performance o f the business (Fleming 2000). Similar situations focusing solely on equity can result to inefficiency that has a direct adverse effect on profitability.ConclusionFamily businesses have advantages and disadvantages. The family business, as a form of business organisation, suits today’s business environment through the advantages that are inherent or prominent in family owned or managed firms such as commitment, flexibility, control, long-term planning, and employee motivation. Addressing the disadvantages can be by finding the strategic balance between family and business concerns or interests that work for the business at present and in the future. In doing so, family businesses can ensure sustainability even in the fast-paced business environment.